Overview of the 2010 Haiti Earthquake

DesRoches, Reginald; Comerio, Mary C.; Eberhard, Marc O.; Mooney, Walter D.; Rix, Glenn J.

doi:10.1193/1.3630129

Cited by 155 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…The Haiti earthquake occurred in a complex deformation zone that separates the North American plate and the Caribbean plate (Mann et al, 1984;Frankel et al, 2010;DesRoches et al, 2011). Global positioning system (GPS) studies show this plate boundary zone is dominated by leftlateral strike-slip motion and compression with a rate of about 20 mm yr −1 , with the Caribbean plate moving eastnortheastward with respect to the North American plate ( Fig.…”

Section: Tectonic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landslides triggered by the 12 January 2010 Port-au-Prince, Haiti, Mw = 7.0 earthquake: visual interpretation, inventory compiling, and spatial distribution statistical analysis

Ôta

2014

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. The 12 January 2010 Port-au-Prince, Haiti, earthquake (M w = 7.0) triggered tens of thousands of landslides. The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlations of the occurrence of landslides and the thicknesses of their erosion with topographic, geologic, and seismic parameters. A total of 30 828 landslides triggered by the earthquake covered a total area of 15.736 km 2 , distributed in an area more than 3000 km 2 , and the volume of landslide accumulation materials is estimated to be about 29 700 000 m 3 . These landslides are of various types, mostly belonging to shallow disrupted landslides and rock falls, but also include coherent deep-seated landslides and rock slides. These landslides were delineated using pre-and post-earthquake high-resolution satellite images. Spatial distribution maps and contour maps of landslide number density, landslide area percentage, and landslide erosion thickness were constructed in order to analyze the spatial distribution patterns of co-seismic landslides. Statistics of size distribution and morphometric parameters of co-seismic landslides were carried out and were compared with other earthquake events in the world. Four proxies of co-seismic landslide abundance, including landslides centroid number density (LCND), landslide top number density (LTND), landslide area percentage (LAP), and landslide erosion thickness (LET) were used to correlate coseismic landslides with various environmental parameters. These parameters include elevation, slope angle, slope aspect, slope curvature, topographic position, distance from drainages, lithology, distance from the epicenter, distance from the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault, distance along the fault, and peak ground acceleration (PGA). A comparison of these impact parameters on co-seismic landslides shows that slope angle is the strongest impact parameter on co-seismic landslide occurrence. Our co-seismic landslide inventory is much more detailed than other inventories in several previous publications. Therefore, we carried out comparisons of inventories of landslides triggered by the Haiti earthquake with other published results and proposed possible reasons for any differences. We suggest that the empirical functions between earthquake magnitude and co-seismic landslides need to be updated on the basis of the abundant and more complete coseismic landslide inventories recently available.

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Section: Tectonic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landslides triggered by the 12 January 2010 Port-au-Prince, Haiti, Mw = 7.0 earthquake: visual interpretation, inventory compiling, and spatial distribution statistical analysis

Ôta

2014

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…For example, the 2010 Haiti earthquake that killed over 100,000 people was the first large event in the region since 1860 (DesRoches et al 2011), and the tsunami created by the 2011 Tohoku earthquake in Japan was the largest in the region since the Jogan earthquake in 869 AD (Sawai et al 2012). Past observations and personal experience of earthquake effects are, therefore, clearly inadequate to assess the risk to the 150-year-old Delta levee system.…”

Section: Historic Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors and Processes Affecting Levee System Vulnerability

Deverel¹,

Bachand²,

Brandenberg³

et al. 2016

SFEWS

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We appraised factors and processes related to human activities and high water, subsidence, and seismicity. Farming and drainage of peat soils caused subsidence, which contributed to levee internal failures. Subsidence rates decreased with time, but still contributed to levee instability. Modeling changes in seepage and static slope instability suggests an increased probability of failure with decreasing peat thickness. Additional data is needed to assess the spatial and temporal effects of subsidence from peat thinning and deformation. Large-scale, state investment in levee upgrades (> $700 million since the mid-1970s) has increased conformance with applicable standards; however, accounts conflict about corresponding reductions in the number of failures.Modeling and history suggest that projected increases in high-flow frequency associated with climate change will increase the rate of levee failures. Quantifying this increased threat requires further research. A reappraisal of seismic threats resulted in updated ground motion estimates for multiple faults and earthquake-occurrence frequencies. Estimated ground motions are large enough to induce failure. The immediate seismic threat, liquefaction, is the sudden loss of strength from an increase in the pressure of the pore fluid and the corresponding loss of inter-particle contact forces. However, levees damaged during an earthquake that do not immediately fail may eventually breach. Key sources of uncertainty include occurrence frequencies and magnitudes, localized ground motions, and data for liquefaction potential.Estimates of the consequences of future levee failure range up to multiple billions of dollars. Analysis of future risks will benefit from improved description of levee upgrades and strength as well as consideration of subsidence, the effects of climate change, and earthquake threats. Levee habitat ecosystem benefits in this highly altered system are few. Better recognition and coordination is needed among the creation of high-value habitat, levee needs, and costs and benefits of levee improvements and breaches.

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“…Such wood-frame buildings can be easily and quickly erected while, at the same time, can be cost effective what is very important for many countries. It could be, for example, applied after the devastating earthquake in the Republic of Haiti in 2010 where a vast number of over 300 000 houses collapsed [14] leaving millions of people unsheltered [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing the Seismic Resistance of Wood-frame Buildings by Applying PU Foam as Thermal Insulation

Migda

Szczepański

Jankowski

2019

Period. Polytech. Civil Eng.

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Wood-frame buildings are very common in regions that are exposed to earthquakes. Most of residential buildings are constructed using this technology; therefore, the seismic resistance of them is really essential in order to prevent human losses and structural damage. The aim of the present article is to show the results of the detailed numerical FEM analysis focused on the seismic behaviour of the wood-frame house with different in-wall insulation materials. The results of the study clearly indicate that using polyurethane (PU) foam instead of mineral wool leads to the increase in the rigidity of the structure and, therefore, to the substantial reduction in the structural response under different seismic excitations. The results also show that, generally speaking, the level of reduction in the displacement response increases with the increase in the magnitude of the earthquake, which even furthermore benefits the application of PU foam as an insulation material. It has also been concluded that the method of using PU foam can be successfully applied not only in the newly constructed wood-frame houses but also in existing ones since replacing the mineral wool with PU foam is relatively easy and not so much expensive.

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Overview of the 2010 Haiti Earthquake

Cited by 155 publications

References 16 publications

Landslides triggered by the 12 January 2010 Port-au-Prince, Haiti, <i>M</i><sub>w</sub> = 7.0 earthquake: visual interpretation, inventory compiling, and spatial distribution statistical analysis

Landslides triggered by the 12 January 2010 Port-au-Prince, Haiti, <i>M</i><sub>w</sub> = 7.0 earthquake: visual interpretation, inventory compiling, and spatial distribution statistical analysis

Factors and Processes Affecting Levee System Vulnerability

Increasing the Seismic Resistance of Wood-frame Buildings by Applying PU Foam as Thermal Insulation

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Overview of the 2010 Haiti Earthquake

Cited by 155 publications

References 16 publications

Landslides triggered by the 12 January 2010 Port-au-Prince, Haiti, &lt;i&gt;M&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;w&lt;/sub&gt; = 7.0 earthquake: visual interpretation, inventory compiling, and spatial distribution statistical analysis

Landslides triggered by the 12 January 2010 Port-au-Prince, Haiti, &lt;i&gt;M&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;w&lt;/sub&gt; = 7.0 earthquake: visual interpretation, inventory compiling, and spatial distribution statistical analysis

Factors and Processes Affecting Levee System Vulnerability

Increasing the Seismic Resistance of Wood-frame Buildings by Applying PU Foam as Thermal Insulation

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Product

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Landslides triggered by the 12 January 2010 Port-au-Prince, Haiti, <i>M</i><sub>w</sub> = 7.0 earthquake: visual interpretation, inventory compiling, and spatial distribution statistical analysis

Landslides triggered by the 12 January 2010 Port-au-Prince, Haiti, <i>M</i><sub>w</sub> = 7.0 earthquake: visual interpretation, inventory compiling, and spatial distribution statistical analysis