Overview of Somatic Embryogenesis

Ramírez-Mosqueda, Marco A.

doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-2485-2_1

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Moreover, other cytokinins, such as 6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin), 2-imminopurine (2-ip), and tZ, were also reported to induce embryos in a single or combined manner [21,22]. However, the mechanism driving cytokinin-induced embryogenesis was unclear [4]. Therefore, in our study, we conducted embryo induction using the cytokinin combination of BA and tZ to provide evidence of embryo induction through the combination of cytokinins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Two somatic embryogenesis pathways exist in plants: direct and indirect embryogenesis. Various types of saffron explants are currently exploited via direct and indirect callogenesis, including juvenile parts, such as terminal/apical buds [14]; the shoot apical meristems with leaf primordia [4,6]; the sections derived from the central meristematic region [15]; and entire flower buds [16,17]. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first attempt to use lateral buds as explants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plant tissue cultures achieve plant multiplication via a rare process known as somatic embryogenesis (SE). The key feature of SE is the use of cellular totipotency, through which cell proliferation occurs based on dedifferentiation induction, followed by the subsequent induction of differentiation via the use of plant growth regulators to produce new plants [4]. Therefore, two SE pathways are present in plants: direct and indirect embryogenesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regenerating Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) from Corm Lateral Buds via Indirect Somatic Embryogenesis

Ma,

Pan,

Mao

2023

Plants

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Saffron (Crocus sativus L.), being one of the distinguished commercial spice crops in the world, is in demand for its culinary, colorant, and pharmaceutical benefits. In this study, a novel indirect somatic embryogenesis (SE) system was, thus, established for the study of this plant. To this end, firstly, the lateral buds were cultured. Then, the cultures were transformed using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with either 6-benzyladenine (BA: 5 and 10 mg/L), naphthalene acetic acid (NAA: 0, 1, and 2 mg/L), or trans-zeatin (tZ: 0, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/L), before being classified into four structures: white globular (WG), yellow compact nodular (YCN), yellow-brown fragile (YBF), and dark-brown porous (DBP). As soon as BA (10 mg/L) and NAA (2 mg/L) were added, elevated percentages of white globular calli (56.8%) and white globular calli (31.5%) structures were induced. Additionally, 6-benzyladenine (5 mg/L) and naphthalene acetic acid (1 mg/L) allowed the formation of yellow-brown fragile structures, and the combination of 6-benzyladenine (10 mg/L) with trans-zeatin (1 mg/L) formed the DBP structures. After three months, the white globular calli were incubated using the MS basal medium, before being augmented with thidiazuron (TDZ: 1 mg/L) and picloram (PIC: 2 mg/L), from which 60% of the cases matured into shoots and, ultimately, cormlets. Morphoanatomical analyses also showed that the white globular calli cells were closely arranged, as they had a dense cytoplasm, a significant vascular differentiation, and embryoids. Furthermore, the yellow compact nodular structures were characterized by a strong differentiation capacity and contained many meristematic cells with high caryomitosis centers. We observed that the yellow-brown fragile calli had looser cell arrangements, with a vascular structure located on the protoderm edge, while there was no obvious cellular arrangement in the dark-brown porous structures. The induction of the adventitious buds in vivo on the MS medium that was supplemented with thidiazuron and picloram accordingly demonstrated the highest rates (60%) of white globular calli.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regenerating Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) from Corm Lateral Buds via Indirect Somatic Embryogenesis

Ma,

Pan,

Mao

2023

Plants

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Induction of somatic embryogenesis and ectopic proliferation in Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth cell suspension culture

Omar,

Kushkevych,

Abd El-Salam

2024

In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Plant

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Somatic embryogenesis is a developmental pathway where somatic cells of plants generate embryogenic cells that subsequently mature into somatic embryos under favorable conditions. This process is one of the most important in vitro techniques for plant propagation, with diverse practical implications. In this study, ectopic proliferation and somatic embryos from Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth cell cultures were induced by employing primary conditioning Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Subsequently, a secondary induction medium supplemented with a combination of 1.0 mg L−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid with various concentrations of 6-benzyladenine cytokinin (1 to 5 mg L−1) was used to promote embryogenesis. The results revealed the successful formation of pre-embryonic and embryonic stages, including globular, heart, torpedo, and cotyledon stages within a 2-wk incubation period under the specified hormonal conditions, leading to subsequent development into the mature vegetative phase after an additional 4 wk. Significant embryo production (16 ± 2.0 torpedo stage embryos per 50 mL culture media) was observed in Murashige and Skoog medium enriched with 1.0 mg L−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2.0 mg L−1 6-benzyladenine, surpassing the results observed with other concentrations (p-value < 0.0001). The generated somatic embryos can serve as a potential in vitro tool for the propagation, generation, and organogenesis of T. stans, contributing to its role as both an ornamental and medicinal plant. Moreover, the induction of somatic embryogenesis opens avenues for the potential production of T. stans bioactive secondary metabolites and diverse applications in biotechnology, biotransformation, and biocatalysis, particularly in the conversion of both exogenous and endogenous substrates, such as tecomine—the principal antidiabetic alkaloid in the leaf extract.

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Transcriptome and physiological analysis highlights the hormone, phenylpropanoid, and photosynthesis effects on early somatic embryogenesis in Ginkgo biloba

Chen,

Hu,

Wang

et al. 2023

Industrial Crops and Products

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Overview of Somatic Embryogenesis

Cited by 7 publications

References 61 publications

Regenerating Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) from Corm Lateral Buds via Indirect Somatic Embryogenesis

Regenerating Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) from Corm Lateral Buds via Indirect Somatic Embryogenesis

Induction of somatic embryogenesis and ectopic proliferation in Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth cell suspension culture

Transcriptome and physiological analysis highlights the hormone, phenylpropanoid, and photosynthesis effects on early somatic embryogenesis in Ginkgo biloba

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