Overview of SOFC Anode Interactions with Coal Gas Impurities

Marina, Olga A.; Pederson, Larry R.; Gemmen, Randall; Gerdes, Kirk; Finklea, Harry O.

doi:10.1149/1.3429009

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…In both cells, a visible coating is present on the anode surface after the experiment. As in previous studies, [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] this coating yields XRD spectra consistent with nickel phosphide phases.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…2 Phosphine at 1-10 ppm levels have been shown to be detrimental to the Ni/YSZ anode in a number of studies. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Depending on conditions, the SOFC may exhibit immediate and continuous degradation of performance, or may operate stably for a hundred hours before exhibiting performance degradation. Post-mortem studies reveal new phases, most often various nickel phosphides, which migrate to the surface of the anode or into large voids in the anode structure.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mass Spectrometry of SOFC Fuel Mixtures Containing Phosphine

Finklea

Zhang

Jony

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Phosphine (PH 3 ) is present at ppm concentrations in coal syngas, a potential fuel source for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). A mass spectrometer is used to monitor fuel mixtures of hydrogen and phosphine after exposure to two environments. In the first environment, the gas mixtures are passed through a heated zone in a tube furnace. In the second environment, the gas mixtures are passed across the anodes of operating SOFCs, both electrolyte-and anode-supported. Phosphine appears to react with residual oxygen in dry hydrogen at intermediate temperatures (400-600 • C) but is stable above 600 • C. Phosphine reacts with water in wet hydrogen mixtures and with a Ni/YSZ anode at temperatures above 400 • C. Evidence is presented for deposition of non-volatile contaminants following prolonged phosphine exposure. The contaminants react with dry hydrogen to generate PH 3 at 800 • C. Mass spectra of the anode exhaust of an electrolyte-supported SOFC show that a few torr of water, either present initially or electrochemically generated by fuel oxidation, is sufficient to suppress the phosphine signal. At all gas compositions and currents, no new mass signals were detected in the mass range of 45-100, suggesting that HPO, HPO 2 and HPO 3 are not products of phosphine reaction or electrochemical oxidation.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass Spectrometry of SOFC Fuel Mixtures Containing Phosphine

Finklea

Zhang

Jony

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…Efforts to lower the degradation rates further (to ∼0.5%/1000 h) while achieving longer (5000 h and beyond) endurance periods are part of the technology development. Initial work is in progress to identify the SOFC tolerance limits to contaminants present in the coal syngas. − To achieve an initial target for SOFC module life of 40000 h, a sulfur specification of 30 ppbv has been assumed for this analysis. However, this specification is subject to change as additional insights to the SOFC anode contaminant analysis are gained.…”

Section: Igfc Power Plant System Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid Oxide Fuel Cell System Utilizing Syngas from Coal Gasifiers

Ghezel-Ayagh

Jolly

Patel

et al. 2013

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Integrated gasification fuel cell (IGFC) plants incorporating solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are attractive alternatives to traditional pulverized coal-fired steam cycle and integrated gasification combined cycle power plants for centralized power generation. Key features of the IGFC power plants are high efficiency, near-zero emissions of SOx and NOx, low water consumption, and amenability to carbon dioxide (greenhouse gas) capture. Recent SOFC technology advancements and increased power density are indicative of the cost-competitiveness of IGFC systems relative to other power generation technologies utilizing coal. Commercially available coal gasification, syngas cleanup, and CO 2 separation technologies have been evaluated for the IGFC application. Selected technologies and syngas processing subsystems have been applied developing a configuration for the multi-MW (∼400 MW) SOFC system. System analyses results including plant performance projections are also discussed. Development of SOFC-based IGFC technology will promote effective utilization of the nation's vast coal reserves while addressing greenhouse gas concerns.

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“…A PH 3 concentration of 2 ppmv has been measured in the output of one gasifier (2). Numerous studies have shown that 1-20 ppm levels of PH 3 in wet or dry fuels result in loss of power of SOFCs with nickel-based anodes on a time scale of hours to hundreds of hours (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13). Post-mortem analyses have identified both nickel phosphide phases and nickel phosphate phases which migrate to voids and to the surface of the anode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Fate of Phosphine in SOFC Fuels

et al. 2015

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Phosphine (PH3) is present in part-per-million levels of coal syngas, a potential fuel for SOFCs. Previous studies have shown that the SOFC loses power and ultimately fails during prolonged exposure to ppm levels of phosphine in wet and dry fuels. A mass spectrometer was used to analyze fuel gases after passing the gases through a heated tube or after passing the gases across the anode of an operating SOFC. Phosphine appears to react with residual oxygen at intermediate temperatures in dry hydrogen, but does not react above 600ºC. At higher water concentrations, phosphine reacts at temperatures above 400ºC. Phosphine is detected in the exhaust gas of a SOFC using dry hydrogen while at open circuit, and disappears from the exhaust gas during current flow. No new compounds containing phosphorus were detected in the m/z range of 45-100, eliminating P2, HPO, HPO2 and HPO3 as possible reaction products.

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Overview of SOFC Anode Interactions with Coal Gas Impurities

Cited by 9 publications

References 7 publications

Mass Spectrometry of SOFC Fuel Mixtures Containing Phosphine

Mass Spectrometry of SOFC Fuel Mixtures Containing Phosphine

Solid Oxide Fuel Cell System Utilizing Syngas from Coal Gasifiers

The Fate of Phosphine in SOFC Fuels

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