Overview of Short-Term and Intermediate-Term Corneal Storage Solution: Comparison of Clinical Outcomes and Need For Future Research

Abstract

Corneal donor tissue preservation techniques have incrementally improved since the introduction of McCarey-Kaufman storage solution from short-term storage to intermediate duration of storage with the advent of organ culture and Optisol GS storage solutions. Improved understanding of the corneal endothelial cell physiology has helped in designing newer storage solutions, such as the Life 4C and Cornea Cold. The incorporation of antibiotics, ATP precursors, minerals, and vitamins has improved the viability of tissues. In addition, these modifications to the newer storage solutions have increased the endothelial longevity and metabolic activity. Despite these advances, the duration of tissue storage has largely been restricted to 2 weeks in Optisol GS and 4 weeks in organ culture. The role and cost-effectiveness of antifungal supplementation and the need for improved epithelial preservation are additional areas that need to be explored. This review intends to summarize the efficacy and viability of donor corneas in different tissue storage solution and compare clinical outcomes while providing an insight into the challenges in developing newer methods of corneal preservation.

The expanding roles of eye banks in India: Past, present, and future

“…The most common methods of donor cornea preservation are hypothermic storage method (cold storage at 4°C) in short-term/intermediate preservation storage solutions and organ culture methods (warm storage at normal temperature). [ 15 ] The other methods of very long-term corneal preservation are cryopreservation, freeze-dried method, gamma irradiation, and glycerol preservation.…”

The expanding roles of eye banks in India: Past, present, and future

“…The most common methods of donor cornea preservation are hypothermic storage method (cold storage at 4°C) in short-term/intermediate preservation storage solutions and organ culture methods (warm storage at normal temperature). [ 15 ] The other methods of very long-term corneal preservation are cryopreservation, freeze-dried method, gamma irradiation, and glycerol preservation.…”

Assessment of performance and safety of Corneal Chamber hypothermic storage medium and PSS-L corneal rinsing solution in human and porcine corneas

“…Different methods were developed to achieve the best possible preservation of cornea physiological properties in terms of corneal transparency, endothelial, epithelial and limbal stem cells viability, as well as the absence of microbiological contamination 2 3. Most of the tissue for corneal transplantation is processed by eye banks that can use either hypothermic storage (2–8°C up to 14 days) or storage under corneal culture or so-called ‘organ culture’ conditions (31–37°C up to 28 days).…”

Role of Oxidative Stress in the Disruption of the Endothelial Apical Junctional Complex During Corneal Cold Storage

“…For instance, the preservation medium has been supplemented with antioxidants, hormones (α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone), small molecule enzyme inhibitors, iron chelators, surfactants, and essential amino acids. 18–22 Alternatively, endothelial cells have been transfected with antiapoptotic genes (eg, Bcl-XL) before CS. 23…”

“…For instance, the preservation medium has been supplemented with antioxidants, hormones (a-melanocytestimulating hormone), small molecule enzyme inhibitors, iron chelators, surfactants, and essential amino acids. [18][19][20][21][22] Alternatively, endothelial cells have been transfected with antiapoptotic genes (eg, Bcl-XL) before CS. 23 However, no attention has been given to protecting the functional competence of the donor endothelium (ie, the barrier and pump functions).…”

The expanding roles of eye banks in India: Past, present, and future

“…The most common methods of donor cornea preservation are hypothermic storage method (cold storage at 4°C) in short-term/intermediate preservation storage solutions and organ culture methods (warm storage at normal temperature). [ 15 ] The other methods of very long-term corneal preservation are cryopreservation, freeze-dried method, gamma irradiation, and glycerol preservation.…”

Assessment of performance and safety of Corneal Chamber hypothermic storage medium and PSS-L corneal rinsing solution in human and porcine corneas

“…Different methods were developed to achieve the best possible preservation of cornea physiological properties in terms of corneal transparency, endothelial, epithelial and limbal stem cells viability, as well as the absence of microbiological contamination 2 3. Most of the tissue for corneal transplantation is processed by eye banks that can use either hypothermic storage (2–8°C up to 14 days) or storage under corneal culture or so-called ‘organ culture’ conditions (31–37°C up to 28 days).…”

Role of Oxidative Stress in the Disruption of the Endothelial Apical Junctional Complex During Corneal Cold Storage

“…For instance, the preservation medium has been supplemented with antioxidants, hormones (α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone), small molecule enzyme inhibitors, iron chelators, surfactants, and essential amino acids. 18–22 Alternatively, endothelial cells have been transfected with antiapoptotic genes (eg, Bcl-XL) before CS. 23…”

“…For instance, the preservation medium has been supplemented with antioxidants, hormones (a-melanocytestimulating hormone), small molecule enzyme inhibitors, iron chelators, surfactants, and essential amino acids. [18][19][20][21][22] Alternatively, endothelial cells have been transfected with antiapoptotic genes (eg, Bcl-XL) before CS. 23 However, no attention has been given to protecting the functional competence of the donor endothelium (ie, the barrier and pump functions).…”

The expanding roles of eye banks in India: Past, present, and future

“…The most common methods of donor cornea preservation are hypothermic storage method (cold storage at 4°C) in short-term/intermediate preservation storage solutions and organ culture methods (warm storage at normal temperature). [ 15 ] The other methods of very long-term corneal preservation are cryopreservation, freeze-dried method, gamma irradiation, and glycerol preservation.…”

Assessment of performance and safety of Corneal Chamber hypothermic storage medium and PSS-L corneal rinsing solution in human and porcine corneas

“…Different methods were developed to achieve the best possible preservation of cornea physiological properties in terms of corneal transparency, endothelial, epithelial and limbal stem cells viability, as well as the absence of microbiological contamination 2 3. Most of the tissue for corneal transplantation is processed by eye banks that can use either hypothermic storage (2–8°C up to 14 days) or storage under corneal culture or so-called ‘organ culture’ conditions (31–37°C up to 28 days).…”

Role of Oxidative Stress in the Disruption of the Endothelial Apical Junctional Complex During Corneal Cold Storage

“…For instance, the preservation medium has been supplemented with antioxidants, hormones (α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone), small molecule enzyme inhibitors, iron chelators, surfactants, and essential amino acids. 18–22 Alternatively, endothelial cells have been transfected with antiapoptotic genes (eg, Bcl-XL) before CS. 23…”

“…For instance, the preservation medium has been supplemented with antioxidants, hormones (a-melanocytestimulating hormone), small molecule enzyme inhibitors, iron chelators, surfactants, and essential amino acids. [18][19][20][21][22] Alternatively, endothelial cells have been transfected with antiapoptotic genes (eg, Bcl-XL) before CS. 23 However, no attention has been given to protecting the functional competence of the donor endothelium (ie, the barrier and pump functions).…”