Overview of Protein Trafficking Mechanisms

Costaguta, Giancarlo; Payne, Grégory S.

doi:10.1007/978-0-387-93877-6_6

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…COPII-coated vesicles mediate the anterograde transport from the ER to the ERGIC (Figure 1). The ERGIC matures in successive steps into cis-, medial and trans-Golgi and then the TGN through a process that is counterbalanced by the COPI-coated vesicle-mediated retrograde transport of proteins back to the ER or an earlier Golgi cisternae [1,2,8,18,22] (Figure 1). COPI-coated vesicles also appear to be involved in the anterograde transport of big cargo proteins, such as collagen, within Golgi cisternae [37,38].…”

Section: Vesicle Formation and Budding At The Er And Fusion With The Ergic/golgimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The process of vesicular transport consists of vesicle budding at the donor compartment, intracellular movement of the vesicle and vesicle docking and fusion with the acceptor compartment. The budding of cargo-loaded vesicles at the donor compartments is aided by specific cargo receptors; adaptor proteins; GTPases; and coat proteins, such as the coatomer protein complex I (COPI) and COPII [1,2]. The fusion of transport vesicles with the correct acceptor compartment, in contrast, is assured and mediated by the RAS superfamily of small G proteins (RAB) GTPases, tethering factors and soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive attachment receptors (SNAREs) [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The budding of cargo-loaded vesicles at the donor compartments is aided by specific cargo receptors; adaptor proteins; GTPases; and coat proteins, such as the coatomer protein complex I (COPI) and COPII [1,2]. The fusion of transport vesicles with the correct acceptor compartment, in contrast, is assured and mediated by the RAS superfamily of small G proteins (RAB) GTPases, tethering factors and soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive attachment receptors (SNAREs) [1][2][3]. The cytoskeleton and motor proteins also play an important role in this latter event, especially when the acceptor compartment is at a distance from the donor one [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

How Viruses Hijack and Modify the Secretory Transport Pathway

Hassan

Kumar

Reggiori

et al. 2021

Cells

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Eukaryotic cells contain dynamic membrane-bound organelles that are constantly remodeled in response to physiological and environmental cues. Key organelles are the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane, which are interconnected by vesicular traffic through the secretory transport route. Numerous viruses, especially enveloped viruses, use and modify compartments of the secretory pathway to promote their replication, assembly and cell egression by hijacking the host cell machinery. In some cases, the subversion mechanism has been uncovered. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of how the secretory pathway is subverted and exploited by viruses belonging to Picornaviridae, Coronaviridae, Flaviviridae, Poxviridae, Parvoviridae and Herpesviridae families.

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Section: Vesicle Formation and Budding At The Er And Fusion With The Ergic/golgimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

How Viruses Hijack and Modify the Secretory Transport Pathway

Hassan

Kumar

Reggiori

et al. 2021

Cells

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“…For example, it has been shown that intra-cellular flows of cytosol play an important role in several cellular processes, including cell motility. 49,50 Active transport velocities have been reported of the order of 0-3 m/s 25,51,52 , which is well within the range of bead velocities reported in this study (0.8  0.2 m/s for no exposure, 12  0.12 m/s for constant flow, 6.5  1.3 m/s for ultrasound, 8.5  3.8 m/s for ultrasound and microbubbles).…”

Section: Biological Implications and Limitations Of The Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstreaming inside Model Cells Induced by Ultrasound and Microbubbles

et al. 2020

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Studies on the bioeffects produced by ultrasound and microbubbles have focused primarily on transport in bulk tissue, drug uptake by individual cells, and disruption of biological membranes. Relatively little is known about the physical perturbations and fluid dynamics of the intracellular environment during ultrasound exposure. To investigate this, a custom acoustofluidic chamber was designed to expose model cells, in the form of giant unilamellar vesicles, to ultrasound and microbubbles. The motion of fluorescent tracer beads within the lumen of the vesicles was tracked during exposure to laminar flow (~1mm s -1 ), ultrasound (1MHz, ~150kPa, 60s), and phospholipid coated microbubbles, alone and in combination. To decouple the effects of fluid flow and ultrasound exposure, the system was also modelled numerically using boundary-driven streaming field equations. Both the experimental and 2 numerical results indicate that all conditions produced internal streaming within the vesicles.Ultrasound alone produced an average bead velocity of 6.5±1.3 µm/s, which increased to 8.5±3.8 µm/s in the presence of microbubbles compared to 12±0.12 µm/s under laminar flow.Further research on intracellular forces in mammalian cells and the associated biological effects in vitro and in vivo are required to fully determine the implications for safety and/or therapy.

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“…where they are bound by a functionalized vesicle (Step 1)[65]. The functionalized vesicle bound-receptor ligands bind to cell surface receptors on the plasma membrane forms a ternary complex with the receptor.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel method for producing functionalized vesicles that efficiently deliver oligonucleotides in vitro in cancer cells and in vivo in mice

Roberts

Jain

2021

Preprint

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Nano-based delivery systems have greatly enhanced our ability to administer and target drugs and macromolecules to their therapeutic targets. Because of chemically modifying them and their functional effects on cells, oligonucleotide drugs have great therapeutic potential. Oligonucleotide drugs have off-target effects and stability issues, so they can be encapsulated functionalized vesicles with targeting ligands such as antibodies (Ab). Herein, we describe a novel, scalable and straightforward approach to produce functionalized vesicles, which we call the Functionalized Lipid Insertion Method. This method differs significantly from an older approach for producing functionalized vesicles referred to as the Detergent-Dialysis Method. The older method requires excess detergent and extensive dialysis over many hours to produce the functionalized vesicles. With the Functionalized Lipid Insertion Method, only the functionalized lipid is detergent-solubilized during the formation of the functionalized vesicle. The approach reduces the dialysis time, keeps the vesicle intact, and orients the functionalized lipid to improve targeting compared to the older method. The dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique demonstrates that vesicle size is sensitive to the initial solubilized component mixture by the older method. In contrast, functionalized vesicle size increases in size are consistent with functionalized lipid insertion into the vesicle. In vitro, functionalized vesicles using our approach are able to deliver oligonucleotides selectively and can functionally affect liver cancer HepG2 cells. Functionalized vesicles produced by this method can also achieve targeted delivery of oligonucleotides in mice without inducing a significant immune response through cytokine production or showing physical signs of an immune response. The industrial and therapeutic significance and implications of functionalized vesicles produced by our method are also discussed.

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Overview of Protein Trafficking Mechanisms

Cited by 4 publications

References 44 publications

How Viruses Hijack and Modify the Secretory Transport Pathway

How Viruses Hijack and Modify the Secretory Transport Pathway

Microstreaming inside Model Cells Induced by Ultrasound and Microbubbles

A novel method for producing functionalized vesicles that efficiently deliver oligonucleotides in vitro in cancer cells and in vivo in mice

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