Overview of Pest Status, Control Strategies for Spodoptera Litura (Fab.): A Review

Abstract

The Spodoptera litura (Tobacco Caterpillar) has significantly damaged various cultivated crops, primarily affecting Solanaceous crops. It voraciously consumes the crop leaves, giving the appearance of animal grazing. It can cause extensive damage in its later stages, ultimately leading to crops decay. Commercial farmers typically depend on chemical pesticides for control. However, the overreliance on chemical insecticides to combat S. litura has led to the development of resistance over time. Various strategies have been explored in pursuit of environmentally friendly pest control measures. These include natural predators, employing techniques like sex pheromones and genetically modified crops, and utilizing RNA interference tools. While these methods have encountered implementation challenges, they are noteworthy for being safe, sustainable, and tailored to specific species. In this comprehensive review, we have delved into historical and current practices for pest management, covering cultural techniques, chemical controls, and biological methods. In addition, we have examined emerging technologies like the gene editing approach, nano-insecticides, neuropeptides and seminal fluid proteins that are promising tools in the ongoing efforts to manage S. litura.