Overview of ongoing cohort and dietary studies in the Arctic

Weihe, Pál; Bjerregaard, Peter; Bonefeld-Jörgensen, Eva Cecilie; Dudarev, Alexey A.; Halling, Jónrit; Hansen, Solrunn; Muckle, Gina; Nøst, Therese Haugdahl; Odland, Jon Øyvind; Rautio, Arja; Veyhe, Anna Sofía; Wennberg, Maria; Bergdahl, Ingvar A.

doi:10.3402/ijch.v75.33803

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…Conducting studies in the Arctic is challenging and expensive, and while studies should be tailored to address local issues, there needs to be a harmonization of study designs and reporting of results to allow for the possibility of merging studies and performing strong meta-analyses [7]. This will enhance the value of the data and allow for better comparisons with other regions including those outside of the Arctic.…”

Section: Health Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future directions for monitoring and human health research for the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme

Adlard

Donaldson

Odland

et al. 2018

Global Health Action

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For the last two and a half decades, a network of human health experts under the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program (AMAP) has produced several human health assessment reports. These reports have provided a base of scientific knowledge regarding environmental contaminants and their impact on human health in the Arctic. These reports provide scientific information and policy-relevant recommendations to Arctic governments. They also support international agreements such as the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) and the Minamata Convention on Mercury. Key topics discussed in this paper regarding future human health research in the circumpolar Arctic are continued contaminant biomonitoring, health effects research and risk communication. The objective of this paper is to describe knowledge gaps and future priorities for these fields.

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Section: Health Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future directions for monitoring and human health research for the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme

Adlard

Donaldson

Odland

et al. 2018

Global Health Action

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“…However, no studies have been conducted on iodine status in the Faroese population. Nevertheless, several studies conducted in the Faroe Islands on contaminant exposure (17) included dietary and urinary sampling, which may provide insight into iodine nutrition.…”

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confidence: 99%

Iodine nutrition among the adult population of the Faroe Islands: a population-based study

et al. 2021

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The World Health Organization recommends monitoring iodine status in all populations with median urinary iodine concentration below 100 µg/L suggesting iodine deficiency. There are no data on the iodine intake among the population of the Faroe Islands. This study aimed to provide data on iodine nutrition in a representative sample of the general adult population from the Faroe Islands. We conducted a population-based cross-sectional survey in 2011-2012 and measured iodine in urine from 491 participants (294/197 men/women) using the ceri/arsen method after alkaline ashing. Participants include around 100 subjects in each of four adult decades and included participants from both the capital city and villages. The median urinary iodine concentration was low within the recommended range 101 µg/L (range 21-1870 µg/L). No samples were in the range suggesting severe iodine deficiency, but half of the samples were in the range of just adequate or mildly insufficient iodine intake with urinary iodine concentration markedly lower in women than in men (86 versus 115 µg/L; P<0·001). Intake of fish and whale meals affected the urinary iodine concentrations. In conclusion, nearly half of the population had an iodine excretion in the range of borderline or mild iodine deficiency. The lowest iodine nutrition level among Faroese women is a concern as it may extend to pregnancy with increased demands on iodine nutrition. In addition, we found large variations and the intermittently excessive iodine intakes warrants follow-up on thyroid function in the population of the Faroe Islands.

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“…The Faroese Cohort 5 includes 490 full-term singleton children and their mothers. Participants were consecutively recruited at the National Hospital in Tórshavn, Faroe Islands between October 2007 and April 2009 [ 26 , 27 ]. A pregnancy questionnaire included questions on medical history, current health, diet, and social factors before and during pregnancy.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone mass density following developmental exposures to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): a longitudinal cohort study

et al. 2022

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Background Environmental exposures to industrial chemicals, including perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), may play a role in bone development and future risk of osteoporosis. However, as prospective evidence is limited, the role of developmental PFAS exposures in bone density changes in childhood is unclear. The objective of this study was to estimate associations between serum-PFAS concentrations measured in infancy and early childhood and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) measured at age 9 years in a birth cohort of children from the Faroe Islands. Methods We prospectively measured concentrations of five PFAS in cord serum and serum collected at 18 months, 5 years and 9 years, and conducted whole-body DXA scans at the 9-year clinical visit. Our study included 366 mother-child pairs with DXA scans and at least one PFAS measurement. We estimated covariate-adjusted associations of individual PFAS concentrations with age-, sex- and height-adjusted aBMD z-scores using multivariable regression models and applied formal mediation analysis to estimate the possible impact of by several measures of body composition. We also evaluated whether associations were modified by child sex. Results We found PFAS exposures in childhood to be negatively associated with aBMD z-scores, with the strongest association seen for perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) at age 5 years. A doubling in age-5 PFNA was associated with a 0.15 decrease in aBMD z-score (95% CI: − 0.26, − 0.039). The PFNA-aBMD association was significantly stronger in males than females, although effect modification by sex was not significant for other PFAS exposures. Results from the mediation analysis suggested that any potential associations between aBMD and 18-month PFAS concentrations may be mediated by total body fat and BMI, although most estimated total effects for PFAS exposures at age 18 months were non-significant. PFAS exposures at age 9 were not associated with age-9 aBMD z-scores. Conclusions The PFAS-aBMD associations identified in this and previous studies suggest that bone may be a target tissue for PFAS. Pediatric bone density has been demonstrated to strongly track through young adulthood and possibly beyond; therefore, these prospective results may have important public health implications.

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Overview of ongoing cohort and dietary studies in the Arctic

Cited by 16 publications

References 60 publications

Future directions for monitoring and human health research for the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme

Future directions for monitoring and human health research for the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme

Iodine nutrition among the adult population of the Faroe Islands: a population-based study

Bone mass density following developmental exposures to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): a longitudinal cohort study

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