Overview of Neutron Activation Analysis

Hamidatou, Lylia

doi:10.5772/intechopen.85461

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…The quantity of a particular neutron-activation product created during neutron irradiation is proportional to the concentration of its parent isotope and thus to the associated elemental quantity. The method relies on the neutron radiative capture reaction (n,γ), which causes the specimen to emit gamma rays, which are then analyzed, allowing the user to detect, identify, and assess the existence of radioactivity in the sample [42]. Therefore, the lower the amount of the element in the sample, the lower the likelihood of activating and detecting the radioisotope.…”

Section: Naa and Txrf Analysis For The Time Dependence Of Leaching Mnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation Techniques for Tracking the Progress of the Hydrometallurgical Leaching Process: A Case Study of Mn and Zn

Kiprono,

Kawalec,

Klis

et al. 2024

Metals

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With advancements in hardware and software, non-destructive radiometric analytical methods have become popular in a wide range of applications. A typical case is the study of the leaching process of metals from mineral ores and mine tailings. The objective of the current study was to develop a radiometric method based on neutron activation analysis (NAA), in particular, delayed gamma neutron activation analysis (DGNAA), to monitor the process of Mn and Zn leaching from Ti ore, Cu mine tailings, and Zn-Pb mine tailings. The DGNAA method was performed using a neutron source: a deuterium-tritium (D-T) neutron generator for Mn and a MARIA research nuclear reactor for Zn. Laboratory-scale Mn leaching from Ti ores, Cu tailings, and Zn-Pb tailings was investigated using delayed gamma-rays of 56Mn (half-life of 2.6 h). The dissolution efficiencies of Mn were found to increase with interaction time and HCl concentration (1 to 5 M) and to vary with the leaching temperature (22.5 to 110 °C). Such results were found to agree with those obtained by total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) spectrometry for the same samples. 65Zn (half-life of 244 days) was chosen to investigate real-time/online leaching of Zn in Ti ore, Cu tailings, and Zn-Pb tailings. During online monitoring, Zn recovery was also reported to increase with increased leaching time. After approximately 300 min of leaching, 80%, 79%, and 53% recovery of Zn in Zn-Pb tailings, Ti ore, and Cu tailings, respectively, were reported. Theoretically, developed mathematical prediction models for 65Zn radiotracer analysis showed that the spherical diffusion model requires much less time to attain saturation compared to the linear diffusion model. The results of NAA for Zn were compared with those obtained by handheld X-ray fluorescence (handheld-XRF) and TXRF analysis. The analyzed samples encompassed leached Ti ore, Cu tailings, and Zn-Pb tailings which were subjected to different conditions of leaching time, temperature, and HCl concentrations. The XRF analysis confirmed that the leaching efficiencies of Zn rise with the increase in leaching time and HCl concentration and fluctuate with leaching temperature. The developed approach is important and can be applied in laboratories and industrial setups for online monitoring of the recovery of any element whose isotopes can be activated using neutrons. The efficiency of the metal-recovery process has a direct impact on the normal operation and economic advantages of hydrometallurgy.

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Section: Naa and Txrf Analysis For The Time Dependence Of Leaching Mnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation Techniques for Tracking the Progress of the Hydrometallurgical Leaching Process: A Case Study of Mn and Zn

Kiprono,

Kawalec,

Klis

et al. 2024

Metals

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“…Various analytical methods, including atomic absorption spectrometry [ 15 ], inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) [ 16 ], flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) [ 17 , 18 ], graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS) [ 19 ], electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) [ 20 ], microwave plasma atomic emission spectrometry [ 21 ], inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) [ 22 ], spectrophotometric techniques [ 23 , 24 ], fluorometric detection [ 25 ], voltammetric approaches [ 26 ], potentiometric titration [ 27 ], and neutron activation analysis (NAA) [ 28 ], have been employed to ascertain gold levels in diverse samples. However, the fundamental hurdle arises from the consistently meager concentration of gold, rendering the direct utilization of these analytical techniques unfeasible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eco-friendly optical sensor for precise detection of gold ions in diverse matrices through the integration of β-2-hydroxybenzyl-3-methoxy-2-hydroxyazastyrene in a PVC membrane

Hemdan,

Ali,

Amin

2024

Anal Bioanal Chem

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An environmentally conscious methodology is investigated for the precise and discerning identification of trace concentrations of gold ions in diverse matrices. A novel optical sensor membrane is proposed for the determination of Au3+ ions, utilizing the immobilization of β-2-hydroxybenzyl-3-methoxy-2-hydroxyazastyrene (HMHS) entrapped in polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The sensor incorporates sodium tetraphenylborate (Na-TPB) as the ionic additive and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) as a plasticizer. Under optimal conditions, the suggested sensor exhibits a linear calibration response to Au3+ ions within a concentration range of 5.0 to 165 ng mL−1. Detection and quantification limits are specified as 1.5 and 4.8 ng mL−1, respectively, with a rapid response time of 5.0 min. Upon presentation, this optical sensor not only affirms high reproducibility, stability, and an extended operational lifespan but also showcases exceptional selectivity for Au3+ ions. Notably, no discernible interference is observed when assessing the potential influence of other cations and anions on Au3+ ion detection. The adaptability of this optical sensor is validated through its successful application in determining Au3+ ion concentrations across various sample types, including water, environmental, cosmetics, and soil matrices. Graphical Abstract

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“…presents the REE data obtained by INAA in some ferromanganese crust samples collected from the Indian ocean(Balaram, 2019) Hamidatou (2019). reviewed the latest developments of INAA and other related techniques along with some important applications.…”

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confidence: 99%

Current and emerging analytical techniques for geochemical and geochronological studies

Balaram

2020

Geological Journal

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Overview of Neutron Activation Analysis

Abstract: This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of physical principles, procedures, proprieties, and some scientific achievements of neutron activation analysis. The most scientific events organized by the International Scientific Committees ICAA and k 0-ISC are also reported.

Cited by 6 publications

References 32 publications

Radiation Techniques for Tracking the Progress of the Hydrometallurgical Leaching Process: A Case Study of Mn and Zn

Radiation Techniques for Tracking the Progress of the Hydrometallurgical Leaching Process: A Case Study of Mn and Zn

Eco-friendly optical sensor for precise detection of gold ions in diverse matrices through the integration of β-2-hydroxybenzyl-3-methoxy-2-hydroxyazastyrene in a PVC membrane

Current and emerging analytical techniques for geochemical and geochronological studies

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