Overview of Nanomaterial Characterization and Metrology

Holbrook, R. David; Galyean, Anne A.; Gorham, Justin M.; Herzing, Andrew A.; Pettibone, John M.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-099948-7.00002-6

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 125 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…semiconductor quantum dots or Ag, by the use of acid digestion combined with atomic spectrometries such as inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) or atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). 21 While these techniques have very sensitive elemental detection limits, they cannot identify the size and form of the NM, essential information if number distribution of NM is required. We also note that in the field of geochemistry, the use of trace element ratios is an established technique for identifying the provenance of minerals.…”

Section: Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomaterials

Hondow

Brown

Brydson

2015

Characterization of Nanomaterials in Complex Environmental and Biological Media

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomaterials

Hondow

Brown

Brydson

2015

Characterization of Nanomaterials in Complex Environmental and Biological Media

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…where α = 1 137 is the well-known 'fine structure constant', a 0 being the known 'Bohr radius', N nl is the number of electrons in a given subshell, ε nl is the electron binding energy in the subshell, ε = hν is the energy of the incident radiation and R ε, ±1 are the dipole matrix elements given by: R ε, ±1 = ∞ 0 P nl P ε, ±1 (r)r dr, (11) here P ε, , P nl are the radial part of single particle wavefunction given by where δ l is the phase shift which is a function of the energy εq. For 1s subshell photoionization the 'principal quantum number' is n = 1 and l = 0, using the integrated calculation from the MCDFGME software, the 1s subshell photoionization showed that the photoionization cross-section is close to 0.7 Mbarn at incident photon energies of 1088 eV.…”

Section: -Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: -Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The field 'x-ray atomic spectroscopy' is still a very active research subject today, see for example references [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10], it has been recently used for the characterization of materials [2,11]. 'x-ray absorption spectroscopy' is also used as a technique which provides a bulk measurement of the elemental composition in any given sample by the use of its 'x-ray absorption characteristics' [11]. Furthermore, 'x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy' has been used to study battery materials [12], Besides, 'x-ray spectroscopy' is used to explore the materials properties and their structure, since it allows us * Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed.…”

Section: -Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Exploring the x-ray photoabsorption spectrum of sodium in the energy range 1070–1090 eV by elucidating the inner shell excitation transition probabilities

Suleiman¹,

Rekik²,

Salman³

et al. 2021

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The researchers report on a new study of the x-ray photoabsorption spectrum of sodium near the K-edge, involving the calculations of the excitation energies and the excitation transition probabilities for K-shell and M-shell electron excitations transitions in atomic sodium. The calculations were carried out by employing the ‘multi configuration Dirac–Fock method’, Breit interactions and ‘finite nuclear size corrections’ are included in the calculations, the transition probabilities were convoluted into ‘Breit–Wigner’ line shapes, and single 1s photoionization was also taken into account. In addition, the [1s]np and the [1s3s]ns n′p singlet–triplet energy splitting was calculated. Results of the calculations were compared with previous measurements of the photoabsorption spectrum of sodium near the K-edge, and a very good agreement was observed.

show abstract

“…The chemical properties on the other hand comprise impurity profile, reactivity, surface charge, zeta potential and particle stability. 51,52 An overview of ENMs and their properties with regard to risk assessment is provided by Stefaniak et al 52…”

Section: Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of nanomaterial characteristics on inhalation toxicity

Bierkandt

Leibrock

Wagener

et al. 2018

Toxicology Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

During the last few decades, nanotechnology has evolved into a success story, apparent from a steadily increasing number of scientific publications as well as a large number of applications based on engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). Its widespread uses suggest a high relevance for consumers, workers and the environment, hence justifying intensive investigations into ENM-related adverse effects as a prerequisite for nano-specific regulations. In particular, the inhalation of airborne ENMs, being assumed to represent the most hazardous type of human exposure to these kinds of particles, needs to be scrutinized. Due to an increased awareness of possible health effects, which have already been seen in the case of ultrafine particles (UFPs), research and regulatory measures have set in to identify and address toxic implications following their almost ubiquitous occurrence. Although ENM properties differ from those of the respective bulk materials, the available assessment protocols are often designed for the latter. Despite the large benefit ensuing from the application of nanotechnology, many issues related to ENM behavior and adverse effects are not fully understood or should be examined anew. The traditional hypothesis that ENMs exhibit different or additional hazards due to their "nano" size has been challenged in recent years and ENM categorization according to their properties and toxicity mechanisms has been proposed instead. This review summarizes the toxicological effects of inhaled ENMs identified to date, elucidating the modes of action which provoke different mechanisms in the respiratory tract and their resulting effects. By linking particular mechanisms and adverse effects to ENM properties, grouping of ENMs based on toxicity-related properties is supposed to facilitate toxicological risk assessment. As intensive studies are still required to identify these "ENM classes", the need for alternatives to animal studies is evident and advances in cell-based test systems for pulmonary research are presented here. We hope to encourage the ongoing discussion about ENM risks and to advocate the further development and practice of suitable testing and grouping methods.

show abstract

Overview of Nanomaterial Characterization and Metrology

Cited by 20 publications

References 125 publications

Nanomaterials

Nanomaterials

Exploring the x-ray photoabsorption spectrum of sodium in the energy range 1070–1090 eV by elucidating the inner shell excitation transition probabilities

The impact of nanomaterial characteristics on inhalation toxicity

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About