Overview of nanocellulose as additives in paper processing and paper products

Abstract

The rapid economic growth and environmental concerns have led to high demands on paper and paper-based products in terms of variety, quantity, quality, and specialty. Enhancement and functionalization with additives are constantly required. Moving away from traditional petroleum-based additives, researchers have attempted to use “green” nanoadditives by introducing renewable environmentally friendly nanocellulose. This article studies the functions of nanocellulose as bio-additives (enhancer, retention and filtration reagent, and coating aid) in paper and paper products, and overviews the research development of nanocellulose-based additives and their applications in the paper industry for both efficient production and paper functionalization. The review shows that (1) a variety of nanocellulose-based bioadditives have been reported for various applications in paper and paper-based products, while commercially viable developments are to be advanced; (2) nanocellulose was mostly formulated with other polymer and particles as additives to achieve their synergistic effects; (3) major interests have concentrated on the nanocellulose in the specialty papers as representing more value added products and in the efficient utilization of recycled fibers, which remains most attractive and promising for future development. This report shall provide most useful database information for researchers and industries for paper recycling and enhancement, and paper-based products innovation and application.

Valorization of Starch to Biobased Materials: A Review

“…The initial drying removes a more significant proportion (about 95%) of all the water present; simultaneously, the pressure and temperature are controlled differently in the final drying than in the initial drying. While the pressure drops, the temperature rises to eliminate any unfrozen or bound water deposits in the material [ 17 ]. In most circumstances, the ultimate goal of the final drying is to achieve a water content of 1 to 4% [ 208 ].…”

“…To this end, the development of novel materials such as aerogels and biofoams from starch has increased over the past decades. Besides, extant studies have documented the application of biomaterials for thermal insulation [ 2 , 15 , 16 ], medical purposes [ 15 , 16 ], chemical additives [ 17 ], and food packaging [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ], amongst many other purposes. Few scholars have researched the pathways of valorizing starch into various products, which are not limited to those manufactured in cosmetics, nutraceuticals, food, and feed additives [ 23 , 24 ].…”

Nanocellulose for Paper and Textile Coating: The Importance of Surface Chemistry

“…In this context, nanostructured cellulose materials can provide special properties, including transparency and a relevant mechanical resistance. Nanocelluloses can be applied as additives to paper pulp, [27] causing strengthening and flocculation in the wet end, and can be also used for surface applications (by lamination methods or coating technologies) [28] . The use of nanocellulose as a coating material is of interest to improve the strength and durability of paper.…”

Grafting nanocellulose with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid and chitosan as additive for enhancing recycled OCC pulp fibres

“…Recently, nanocellulose (NC) has received increasing attention due to its attractive inherent properties such as biodegradability (Mishra et al 2018), low density (Dufresne 2010), high surface area (Klemm et al 2018), stiffness (Hubbe et al 2017), flexibility (Tanaka et al 2015), high aspect ratio and unique rheology as well as the ability to form effective hydrogen bonds within the entire cellulose chain or other polymeric matrix (Li et al 2021). The polyhydroxy chemistry of NC offers many derivatization opportunities for many industries and researchers.…”