Overview of Multidrug-Resistant &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Pseudomonas aeruginosa&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; and Novel Therapeutic Approaches

Porras-Gómez, Marilyn; Vega-Baudrit, José; Núñez-Corrales, Santiago

doi:10.4236/jbnb.2012.324053

Cited by 39 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…Dissemination of drug-resistance determinants occurs within genome via transposons or from one microorganism to another by a number of genetic ways, for instance, through transfer of extra-chromosomal element between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (Levy, 2002). Confronted by the increasing doses of antibiotic drugs over many years, pathogens become drug-resistant and respond to antibiotics by generating progenies that are no more susceptible to antimicrobials therapy (Levy, 2002; Porras-Gomez and Vega-Baudrit, 2012). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanistic Basis of Antimicrobial Actions of Silver Nanoparticles

et al. 2016

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Multidrug resistance of the pathogenic microorganisms to the antimicrobial drugs has become a major impediment toward successful diagnosis and management of infectious diseases. Recent advancements in nanotechnology-based medicines have opened new horizons for combating multidrug resistance in microorganisms. In particular, the use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as a potent antibacterial agent has received much attention. The most critical physico-chemical parameters that affect the antimicrobial potential of AgNPs include size, shape, surface charge, concentration and colloidal state. AgNPs exhibits their antimicrobial potential through multifaceted mechanisms. AgNPs adhesion to microbial cells, penetration inside the cells, ROS and free radical generation, and modulation of microbial signal transduction pathways have been recognized as the most prominent modes of antimicrobial action. On the other side, AgNPs exposure to human cells induces cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and inflammatory response in human cells in a cell-type dependent manner. This has raised concerns regarding use of AgNPs in therapeutics and drug delivery. We have summarized the emerging endeavors that address current challenges in relation to safe use of AgNPs in therapeutics and drug delivery platforms. Based on research done so far, we believe that AgNPs can be engineered so as to increase their efficacy, stability, specificity, biosafety and biocompatibility. In this regard, three perspectives research directions have been suggested that include (1) synthesizing AgNPs with controlled physico-chemical properties, (2) examining microbial development of resistance toward AgNPs, and (3) ascertaining the susceptibility of cytoxicity, genotoxicity, and inflammatory response to human cells upon AgNPs exposure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanistic Basis of Antimicrobial Actions of Silver Nanoparticles

et al. 2016

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“…Pseudomonas aeruginosa is characterized by an innate resistance to multiple antimicrobial agent as well as by acquired multidrug resistance ability. Due to multi-drug resistant P. aeruginosa isolates, treating these patients’ burn wound infections is challenging (6). Carbapenems are a group of β-lactams that show resistance to hydrolysis by extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), so are used as the drug of choice for treatment of infections caused by ESBL-positive Gram negative bacteria (7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Metallo-β-Lactamase-Production and Carriage of bla-VIM Genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Burn Wound Infections in Isfahan

et al. 2016

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BackgroundMetallo-β-lactamase-production among Gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, has become a challenge for treatment of infections due to these resistant bacteria.ObjectivesThe aim of the current study was to evaluate the metallo-β-lactamase-production and carriage of bla-VIM genes among carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa isolated from burn wound infections.Patients and MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2014 to July 2015. One hundred and fifty P. aeruginosa isolates were recovered from 600 patients with burn wound infections treated at Imam-Musa-Kazem Hospital in Isfahan city, Iran. Carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates were screened by disk diffusion using CLSI guidelines. Metallo-β-lactamase-producing P. aeruginosa isolates were identified using an imipenem-EDTA double disk synergy test (EDTA-IMP DDST). For detection of MBL genes including bla-VIM-1 and bla-VIM-2, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods and sequencing were used.ResultsAmong the 150 P. aeruginosa isolates, 144 (96%) were resistant to imipenem by the disk diffusion method, all of which were identified as metallo-β-lactamase-producing P. aeruginosa isolates by EDTA-IMP DDST. Twenty-seven (18%) and 8 (5.5%) MBL-producing P. aeruginosa isolates harbored bla-VIM-1 and bla-VIM-2 genes, respectively.ConclusionsOur findings showed a high occurrence of metallo-β-lactamase production among P. aeruginosa isolates in burn patient infections in our region. Also, there are P. aeruginosa isolates carrying the bla-VIM-1 and bla-VIM-2 genes in Isfahan province.

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“…While aggressive prevention regimens have led to a decline in prevalence of P. aeruginosa in CF patients, multidrug resistant strains are still prevalent and occurred in 19.4% of CF infections in 2015 (14). P. aeruginosa is inherently resistant to a number of antibiotics (15, 16). It can also acquire resistance through exogenous resistance genes via horizontal gene transfer or mutations (17), limiting available treatment options.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blocking the alternative sigma factor RpoN reduces virulence ofPseudomonas aeruginosaisolated from cystic fibrosis patients and increases antibiotic sensitivity in a laboratory strain

Lloyd

Vossler

Nomura

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) are increasing in the health care setting, and there are few antimicrobial agents available to treat infections caused by these bacteria. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen in burn patients and individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF), and a leading cause of nosocomial infections. P. aeruginosa is inherently resistant to many antibiotics and can develop or acquire resistance to others, limiting options for treatment. P. aeruginosa has virulence factors that are regulated by sigma factors in response to the tissue microenvironment. The alternative sigma factor, RpoN (σ54), regulates many virulence genes and is linked to antibiotic resistance. Recently, we described a cis-acting peptide, RpoN*, which acts as a “molecular roadblock”, binding RpoN consensus promoters at the −24 site and blocking transcription. RpoN* reduces virulence of P. aeruginosa laboratory strains both in vitro and in vivo, but its effects in clinical isolates was not known. We investigated the effects of RpoN* on phenotypically varied P. aeruginosa strains isolated from cystic fibrosis patients. RpoN* expression reduced motility, biofilm formation, and pathogenesis in a P. aeruginosa – C. elegans infection model. RpoN* expression increased susceptibility to several beta-lactam based antibiotics in the lab strain P. aeruginosa PA19660 Xen5. Here, we show that using a cis-acting peptide to block RpoN consensus promoters has potential clinical implications in reducing virulence and enhancing the activity of antibiotics.

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Overview of Multidrug-Resistant <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and Novel Therapeutic Approaches

Cited by 39 publications

References 32 publications

Mechanistic Basis of Antimicrobial Actions of Silver Nanoparticles

Mechanistic Basis of Antimicrobial Actions of Silver Nanoparticles

Evaluation of Metallo-β-Lactamase-Production and Carriage of bla-VIM Genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Burn Wound Infections in Isfahan

Blocking the alternative sigma factor RpoN reduces virulence ofPseudomonas aeruginosaisolated from cystic fibrosis patients and increases antibiotic sensitivity in a laboratory strain

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