Overview of methods and considerations for the photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms for agricultural applications

Islam, Md Tariqul; Sain, Madeline; Stark, Colin; Fefer, Michael; Liu, Jun; Hoare, Todd; Ckurshumova, Wenzi; Rosa, Cristina

doi:10.1007/s43630-023-00466-6

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 71 publications

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“…Antimicrobial photodynamic treatment (aPDT) has garnered significant attention from the scientific community due to its achievements in both clinical and environmental settings. ,− The aPDT approach relies on the activation of a nontoxic agent, referred to as photosensitizer (PS), using harmless visible light in the presence of dioxygen ( 3 O 2 ), thereby generating highly cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), particularly singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ). These ROS can effectively oxidize various cellular components, swiftly rendering the cells inactive. ,,− aPDT offers several advantages compared to traditional antimicrobials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Porphyrin–Triphenylphosphonium Conjugates Enhance the Photosensitizer Performance Toward Bacterial Strains?

Chaves,

Morais,

Vieira

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Bio Mater.

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Antimicrobial photodynamic treatment (aPDT) offers an alternative option for combating microbial pathogens, and in this way, addressing the challenges of growing antimicrobial resistance. In this promising and effective approach, cationic porphyrins and related macrocycles have emerged as leading photosensitizers (PS) for aPDT. In general, their preparation occurs via N-alkylation of nitrogen-based moieties with alkyl halides, which limits the ability to fine-tune the features of porphyrin-based PS. Herein, is reported that the conjugation of porphyrin macrocycles with triphenylphosphonium units created a series of effective cationic porphyrinbased PS for aPDT. The presence of positive charges at both the porphyrin macrocycle and triphenylphosphonium moieties significantly enhances the photodynamic activity of porphyrin-based PS against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. Moreover, bacterial photoinactivation is achieved with a notable reduction in irradiation time, exceeding 50%, compared to 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(1-methylpyridinium-4yl)porphyrin (TMPyP), used as the reference and known as good PS. The improved capability of the porphyrin macrocycle to generate singlet oxygen combined with the enhanced membrane interaction promoted by the presence of triphenylphosphonium moieties represents a promising approach to developing porphyrin-based PS with enhanced photosensitizing activity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Porphyrin–Triphenylphosphonium Conjugates Enhance the Photosensitizer Performance Toward Bacterial Strains?

Chaves,

Morais,

Vieira

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Bio Mater.

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Photodynamic Inactivation in agriculture: combating fungal phytopathogens resistant to conventional treatment

Jernej,

Frost,

Walker

et al. 2024

Photochem Photobiol Sci

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Botrytis cinerea is a severe threat in agriculture, as it can infect over 200 different crop species with gray mold affecting food yields and quality. The conventional treatment using fungicides lead to emerging resistance over the past decades. Here, we introduce Photodynamic Inactivation (PDI) as a strategy to combat B. cinerea infections, independent of fungicide resistance. PDI uses photoactive compounds, which upon illumination create reactive oxygen species toxic for killing target organisms. This study focuses on different formulations of sodium–magnesium–chlorophyllin (Chl, food additive E140) as photoactive compound in combination with EDTA disodium salt dihydrate (Na2EDTA) as cell-wall permeabilizer and a surfactant. In an in vitro experiment, three different photosensitizers (PS) with varying Chl and Na2EDTA concentrations were tested against five B. cinerea strains with different resistance mechanisms. We showed that all B. cinerea mycelial spheres of all tested strains were eradicated with concentrations as low as 224 µM Chl and 3.076 mM Na2EDTA (LED illumination with main wavelength of 395 nm, radiant exposure 106 J cm−2). To further test PDI as a Botrytis treatment strategy in agriculture a greenhouse trial was performed on B. cinerea infected bell pepper plants (Capsicum annum L). Two different rates (560 or 1120 g Ha−1) of PS formulation (0.204 M Chl and 1.279 M Na2EDTA) and a combination of PS formulation with 0.05% of the surfactant BRIJ L4 (560 g Ha−1) were applied weekly for 4 weeks by spray application. Foliar lesions, percentage of leaves affected, percentage of leaf area diseased and AUDPC were significantly reduced, while percentage of marketable plants were increased by all treatments compared to a water treated control, however, did not statistically differ from each other. No phytotoxicity was observed in any treatment. These results add to the proposition of employing PDI with the naturally sourced PS Chl in agricultural settings aimed at controlling B. cinerea disease. This approach seems to be effective regardless of the evolving resistance mechanisms observed in response to conventional antifungal treatments. Graphical abstract

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A class of photosensitizer highly effective to control bacterial infection in plants even on rainy days with dim light

Wang,

Li,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Dyes and Pigments

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Overview of methods and considerations for the photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms for agricultural applications

Cited by 3 publications

References 71 publications

Can Porphyrin–Triphenylphosphonium Conjugates Enhance the Photosensitizer Performance Toward Bacterial Strains?

Can Porphyrin–Triphenylphosphonium Conjugates Enhance the Photosensitizer Performance Toward Bacterial Strains?

Photodynamic Inactivation in agriculture: combating fungal phytopathogens resistant to conventional treatment

A class of photosensitizer highly effective to control bacterial infection in plants even on rainy days with dim light

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