Overview of lead-cooled fast reactor activities

Alemberti, A.; Smirnov, V. S.; Smith, Craig F.; Takahashi, Minoru

doi:10.1016/j.pnucene.2013.11.011

Cited by 205 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…However, the project did not result in actually building and operating an HTGR. In the case of energy neutral mineral processing, though it may be realized, HTGRs could be the first choice over other emerging HTR technology [131][132][133], such as the compact high temperature reactor (CHTR) [134,135], fluoride salt-cooled, high-temperature reactor (FHR) [136][137][138][139], gas-cooled fast reactor (GFR) [140][141][142], lead-cooled fast reactor (LFR) [143][144][145], molten salt reactor (MSR) [146] and others that may deliver process heat at temperatures higher than or equal to 600 °C. Five countries: Great Britain, the U.S., Germany, Japan and China have experience with operating and thus licensing HTGRs.…”

Section: Identified Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Sustainability and Progress of Energy Neutral Mineral Processing

et al. 2018

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A number of primary ores such as phosphate rock, gold-, copper-and rare earth ores contain considerable amounts of accompanying uranium and other critical materials. Energy neutral mineral processing is the extraction of unconventional uranium during primary ore processing to use it, after enrichment and fuel production, to generate greenhouse gas lean energy in a nuclear reactor. Energy neutrality is reached if the energy produced from the extracted uranium is equal to or larger than the energy required for primary ore processing, uranium extraction, -conversion, -enrichment and -fuel production. This work discusses the sustainability of energy neutral mineral processing and provides an overview of the current progress of a multinational research project on that topic conducted under the umbrella of the International Atomic Energy Agency.

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Section: Identified Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Sustainability and Progress of Energy Neutral Mineral Processing

et al. 2018

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“…The initial pressures in water and coolant correspond to the operating conditions of Russian lead-cooled fast reactor BREST-OD-300 [3,4]. The droplet size in the baseline scenario corresponds to the upper estimate of the volume of liquid water that can be discharged into liquid lead (10 −5 m 3 ) given in [5].…”

Section: Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lead-cooled fast reactors (LFRs) are considered a prospective avenue of nuclear industry development towards future systems possessing higher efficiency and operational and safety features in comparison with today's conventional light water reactors (LWRs) [1][2][3][4]. Lead and lead alloys have several advantages over other liquid metal coolants (e.g., sodium) due to their chemically inert nature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pressure Waves due to Rapid Evaporation of Water Droplet in Liquid Lead Coolant

Yakush

Iskhakov

Мелихов

et al. 2018

Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations

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Flash evaporation of a superheated water droplet in heavy liquid metal coolant (lead) is considered, in application to the analysis of a lead-cooled fast reactor steam generator tube rupture accident. The model is based on thermodynamic equilibrium formulation for the expanding water-steam mixture and inviscid compressible formulation for the surrounding liquid lead, with the interface conditions determined from the solution of the Riemann problem. Numerical solution is performed in the spherically symmetric geometry using a conservative numerical scheme with a moving sharp interface. Transient pressure and velocity profiles in each phase are presented for the parameters typical of the steam generator tube rupture accidents, demonstrating the process of boiling water expansion and pressure wave formation in the coolant. The results obtained are compared with a simplified model which considers the volume-averaged parameters of boiling water droplets and considers coolant as an incompressible liquid. Good agreement between the full and simplified models is demonstrated. Impacts of coolant flow on structures caused by pressure wave propagation and subsequent coolant flow are discussed.

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“…The main objectives of the present study include: It is noteworthy that one of the important applications of liquid metals and melts is their usage as coolants at high temperatures, especially in nuclear power stations (e.g., see [74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81]). Remark 1.…”

Section: Non-isothermal Flows Of Liquid Metals and Meltsmentioning

confidence: 99%