Overview of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is a group of chronic heterogenous disorders that manifests as joint inflammation in patients aged <16 years. Globally, approximately 3 million children and young adults are suffering from JIA with prevalence rates consistently higher in girls. The region of Africa and Middle East constitute a diverse group of ethnicities, socioeconomic conditions, and climates which influence the prevalence of JIA. There are only a few studies published on epidemiology of JIA in the region. There is an evident paucity of adequate and latest data from the region. This review summarizes the available data on the prevalence of JIA and its subtypes in Africa and Middle East and discusses unmet needs for patients in this region. A total of 8 journal publications were identified concerning epidemiology and 42 articles describing JIA subtypes from Africa and Middle East were included. The prevalence of JIA in Africa and Middle East was observed to be towards the lower range of the global estimate. We observed that the most prevalent subtype in the region was oligoarticular arthritis. The incidence of uveitis and anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) positivity were found to be lower as compared to the incidence from other regions. There is a huge unmet medical need in the region for reliable epidemiological data, disease awareness, having regional and local treatment guidelines and timely diagnosis. Paucity of the pediatric rheumatologists and economic disparities also contribute to the challenges regarding the management of JIA.

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The Epidemiological Profile of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Single Center Study in Delta Region of Egypt

El-Refaey

Sobh

Shahin

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is children's most common autoimmune musculoskeletal disease. The spectrum of patients’ profiles of JIA showed many similarities and differences among different populations. Aim of the work The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence, subtypes, distribution, and characteristic features of JIA among children in Rheumatology outpatient clinic at Mansoura University Children's Hospital (MUCH). Patients and methods The study was a cross-sectional observational study carried out in the rheumatology outpatient clinic in Mansoura University children’s Hospital, on 73 patients diagnosed with JIA according to the International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR) from April 2019 to April 2020. Results There was a statistically significant difference between JIA types as regard age of patients, age of onset of disease, duration of the disease affected at the time of diagnosis, fever, rash, and organomegaly with the highest value in psoriatic type. There was a statistically significant difference in methotrexate (MTX), Humera, Enbrel, and Leflunomaide usage between JIA subtypes. The severity of the disease was correlated significantly with laboratory parameters including the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C reactive protein, and platelets count. MTX, Pulse steroid, Actemra, and Lefluonamide usage differed significantly according to the severity of the disease while Humera, Endoxan, Enbrel, and NSIAD showed no significant difference. Conclusion The types of JIA differ significantly from each other as regards fever, rash, and organomegaly with an increase in systemic onset rather than other types. While ophthalmic affection shows no significant difference between JIA subtypes. A low percentage of cases had uveitis indicating low severity of disease in the studied cases. Biological treatment was given to severe and resistant cases when indicated.

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Overview of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

Cited by 3 publications

References 83 publications

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis in Sudanese children: Clinical characteristics and subtypes

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis in Sudanese children: Clinical characteristics and subtypes

Epidemiology and demographics of juvenile idiopathic arthritis in Africa and Middle East

The Epidemiological Profile of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Single Center Study in Delta Region of Egypt

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