Overview of <i>H</i>-Formulation: A Versatile Tool for Modeling Electromagnetics in High-Temperature Superconductor Applications

Shen, Boyang; Grilli, Francesco; Coombs, Tim

doi:10.1109/access.2020.2996177

Cited by 185 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 126 publications

(128 reference statements)

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“…Previous studies have reported simulation methods for SFCL using Matlab/Simulink [23,24] and finite element method in COMSOL [18,21,25,26]. In this paper, a multilayer electrothermal coupled simulation model was built in MATLAB ® /Simulink to study the electrical and thermal behavior of the SFCL coil during quench [17,18,27,28].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Simulation Study of Resistive Helical HTS Fault Current Limiters: Quench and Recovery Characteristics

Song

Pei

Alafnan

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.

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Resistive type fault current limiters (SFCLs) have attracted lots of attention from research interests and engineering applications, due to its self-triggering, fast and effective fault current limitation ability. Fast recovery of SFCL after quench is highly attractive, yet still remains challenge when recover with load compared to recovering without load. We investigated the dependence of recovery time of a helical SFCL coil on the ratio of prospective current over critical current. A multilayer simulation model was built in MATLAB ® /Simulink to investigate the electro-thermal behavior of SFCL coil during a fault and recovery period, and the model was validated by experimental results. Quench simulations were carried out under different Ipros/ Ic, ranging from 15 to 119 and in different recovery conditions including recovery with load condition and recovery without load condition, while keeping the fault duration of 100 ms. We observed that the SFCL coil reached 85 K and 195 K at the time when the fault was cleared, in the quench tests with Ipros/ Ic = 15 and 119, respectively. SFCL coil recovered without load in 0.5 s to 10 s, depending on the ratio of Ipros/ Ic.  Index Terms-Helical SFCL coil, flux flow, quench, recovery.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Simulation Study of Resistive Helical HTS Fault Current Limiters: Quench and Recovery Characteristics

Song

Pei

Alafnan

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.

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“…The surroundings are modelled as “air” (or non-conductive domain). However, it should be noted that, when using the H formulation of the Maxwell equations and edge elements, a fictitious electrical resistivity is also associated with the “air” [ 54 ]. It is implicitly assumed that the equivalent resistivity of the metallic layers is a lot larger than the resistivity of the superconductor.…”

Section: Modeling Based On Finite Element Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential Material Knowledge and Recent Model Developments for REBCO-Coated Conductors in Electric Power Systems

2021

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The manufacturing of commercial REBCO tapes, REBCO referring to Rare-earth barium copper oxide, has matured enough to lead to a variety of applications ranging from scientific instruments to electric power systems. In particular, its large current density with a high n index and low hysteresis losses make it a strong candidate for specific applications relying on the dependence of its resistance on current. Despite its advantages, there are still issues that remain to be addressed, such as the scarcity of experimental data for the basic characteristics of the superconductor over a wide range of temperature and applied magnetic field, the homogeneity of these characteristics along the conductor length, as well as the anisotropy of the critical current and n index with respect to the direction of the applied magnetic field. To better utilize the technology, it is therefore sensible to understand the relevancy of these issues so that one could simulate as accurately as possible the physics of the superconductor, at least the dynamics that may impact the correct operation of the superconducting device. There are different levels of modelling to achieve such a goal that can either focus on the performance of the superconductor itself, or on the whole device. The present work addresses some of the latest developments in the modelling of commercial REBCO tapes in power systems with a particular focus on the thermoelectric behavior of superconducting devices connected to external circuits. Two very different approaches corresponding to two different scales in the modelling of superconducting devices are presented: (1) analysis using equivalent models and lumped parameters to study the thermoelectric response of superconducting devices as a whole, (2) Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to compute distributed fields such as current density, magnetic flux density and local losses in tapes. In this context, this paper reviews both approaches and gives a broad variety of examples to show their practical applications in electric power systems. Firstly, they show the relevance of the technology in power systems engineering. Secondly, they allow inferring the necessary level of model details to optimize the operation of superconducting power devices in power grids. This level of details relies completely on the knowledge of some basic measurable properties of superconducting tapes (critical current and n index) and their cooling conditions.

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“…The AC losses are simulated at 50 Hz. Since the small amount of eddy-current loss can be ignored, the hysteresis loss in the superconducting layer dominates the total AC losses of HTS tape, and the AC loss in watt per meter of the tape can be calculated by [26]:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling analysis of periodically arranged high-temperature superconducting tapes

Jin

Zhang

Lin

et al. 2020

Physica C: Superconductivity and its Applications

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The operation of a high-temperature superconducting (HTS) device is strongly related to its electromagnetic fields and conditions. It is necessary to study the electromagnetic interaction of proximity HTS tapes integrated such as placed in the horizontal or vertical direction, which is important for the design and optimization of HTS devices. This paper presents a numerical model of periodically arranged HTS tapes using the finite element method (FEM). The numerical method has been developed to build the equivalent periodical arrangement of infinite HTS tapes and applied to simulate two basic arrangements, horizontal and vertical periodical arrangements. The magnetic field and current distributions of HTS tapes by periodical arrangements have been investigated. The effects on critical current with different arrangements have been illustrated. It is found that the Y-stack can reduce the current carrying capacity while the X-array can increase that in comparison to a single tape. The differences between the FEM results and analytical models have been analysed and also compared with the Norris model. The two mathematical models derived for AC loss prediction have shown higher accuracy than the existing analytical models. This study presents an effective method to optimize the electromagnetic fields, estimate the AC loss, and shows the phenomenon of central tapes in an HTS array, which could be potentially used in performance analysis of superconducting devices, e.g. HTS transformers.

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Overview of H-Formulation: A Versatile Tool for Modeling Electromagnetics in High-Temperature Superconductor Applications

Cited by 185 publications

References 126 publications

Experimental and Simulation Study of Resistive Helical HTS Fault Current Limiters: Quench and Recovery Characteristics

Experimental and Simulation Study of Resistive Helical HTS Fault Current Limiters: Quench and Recovery Characteristics

Essential Material Knowledge and Recent Model Developments for REBCO-Coated Conductors in Electric Power Systems

Modelling analysis of periodically arranged high-temperature superconducting tapes

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