Overview of HSS Steel Grades Development and Study of Reheating Condition Effects on Austenite Grain Size Changes

Abstract

This review paper concerns the development of the chemical compositions and controlled processes of rolling and cooling steels to increase their mechanical properties and reduce weight and production costs. The paper analyzes the basic differences among high-strength steel (HSS), advanced high-strength steel (AHSS) and ultra-high-strength steel (UHSS) depending on differences in their final microstructural components, chemical composition, alloying elements and strengthening contributions to determine strength and mechanical properties. HSS is characterized by a final single-phase structure with reduced perlite content, while AHSS has a final structure of two-phase to multiphase. UHSS is characterized by a single-phase or multiphase structure. The yield strength of the steels have the following value intervals: HSS, 180–550 MPa; AHSS, 260–900 MPa; UHSS, 600–960 MPa. In addition to strength properties, the ductility of these steel grades is also an important parameter. AHSS steel has the best ductility, followed by HSS and UHSS. Within the HSS steel group, high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel represents a special subgroup characterized by the use of microalloying elements for special strength and plastic properties. An important parameter determining the strength properties of these steels is the grain-size diameter of the final structure, which depends on the processing conditions of the previous austenitic structure. The influence of reheating temperatures (TReh) and the holding time at the reheating temperature (tReh) of C–Mn–Nb–V HSLA steel was investigated in detail. Mathematical equations describing changes in the diameter of austenite grain size (dγ), depending on reheating temperature and holding time, were derived by the authors. The coordinates of the point where normal grain growth turned abnormal was determined. These coordinates for testing steel are the reheating conditions TReh = 1060 °C, tReh = 1800 s at the diameter of austenite grain size dγ = 100 μm.

Austenite – Ferrite Transformation Temperatures of C Mn Al Hsla Steel

“…Microalloying is an effective way in managing the processing of advanced high strength steels by their influence on recrystallization and transformation and in controlling the properties by microstructural refinement and precipitation hardening [9,10].…”

The Effect of Material Models in the Fem Simulation on the Springback Prediction of the Trip Steel

“…However, high-strength steels have lower formability and greater springback in comparison with conventional steels used for drawing, the main reason for that is the higher value of the yield strength and lower ductility of these steels (Fig. 1) [1,2]. The TRIP steels, or Transformed Induced Plasticity steels, have higher values of mechanical properties (yield strength and tensile strength) if compared with conventional steels [3].…”

Effects of Thermomechanical Processing on Hydrogen Embrittlement Properties of UltraHigh-Strength TRIP-Aided Bainitic Ferrite Steels

“…The microstructure evolution of high-strength steels during hot and cold rolling and cooling from an austenitizing temperature were investigated [11,12]. Zhao et al [13] reported that the refinement and strengthening of advanced high-strength steels were achieved by thermomechanical processing.…”