Overview of Hookworm Infection in Humans

Velikkakam, Teresiama; Fiuza, Jacqueline Araújo; Gaze, Soraya

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-68493-2_4

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Skin-penetrating nematodes such as the human-parasitic hookworms Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus and the human-parasitic threadworm Strongyloides stercoralis are gastrointestinal parasites that infect hosts as developmentally arrested third-stage larvae (iL3s) (Roberts et al ., 2005 ; Nutman, 2017 ; Velikkakam et al ., 2017 ). The iL3s are soil-dwelling and actively engage in host seeking using a variety of host-associated sensory cues (Gang and Hallem, 2016 ; Bryant and Hallem, 2018 ).…”

Section: Responses Of Mammalian-parasitic Nematodes To Co 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After invading a host by skin penetration, the iL3s resume development inside the host, a process called activation (Stoltzfus et al ., 2012 , 2014 ). The nematodes then migrate through the host body to their final destination, the small intestine, where they reside as parasitic adults (Roberts et al ., 2005 ; Nutman, 2017 ; Velikkakam et al ., 2017 ). The adults reproduce in the small intestine, and then the eggs or young larvae, depending on the species, exit the host body in feces.…”

Section: Responses Of Mammalian-parasitic Nematodes To Co 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The adults reproduce in the small intestine, and then the eggs or young larvae, depending on the species, exit the host body in feces. The nematodes inhabit the feces until they develop into iL3s (Roberts et al ., 2005 ; Nutman, 2017 ; Velikkakam et al ., 2017 ). In most species, all of the progeny of the parasitic adults develop directly into iL3s.…”

Section: Responses Of Mammalian-parasitic Nematodes To Co 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of carbon dioxide in nematode behaviour and physiology

Banerjee

Hallem

2019

Parasitology

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Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an important sensory cue for many animals, including both parasitic and free-living nematodes. Many nematodes show context-dependent, experience-dependent and/or life-stage-dependent behavioural responses to CO2, suggesting that CO2 plays crucial roles throughout the nematode life cycle in multiple ethological contexts. Nematodes also show a wide range of physiological responses to CO2. Here, we review the diverse responses of parasitic and free-living nematodes to CO2. We also discuss the molecular, cellular and neural circuit mechanisms that mediate CO2 detection in nematodes, and that drive context-dependent and experience-dependent responses of nematodes to CO2.

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Section: Responses Of Mammalian-parasitic Nematodes To Co 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Responses Of Mammalian-parasitic Nematodes To Co 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Responses Of Mammalian-parasitic Nematodes To Co 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of carbon dioxide in nematode behaviour and physiology

Banerjee

Hallem

2019

Parasitology

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“…Some iL3s actively invade by skin penetration, while other iL3s invade passively when they are ingested by a host. Skin-penetrating nematodes include hookworms and Strongyloides species (Roberts et al, 2005; Nutman, 2017; Velikkakam et al, 2017). Passively ingested nematodes include human-infective nodular worms in the genus Oesophagostomum (Storey et al, 2000; Ghai et al, 2014; Cibot et al, 2015), as well as the ruminant-parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus (Parkins and Holmes, 1989; Terrill et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terror in the dirt: Sensory determinants of host seeking in soil-transmitted mammalian-parasitic nematodes

Bryant

Hallem

2018

International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistan

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Infection with gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes is a major cause of chronic morbidity and economic burden around the world, particularly in low-resource settings. Some parasitic nematode species, including the human-parasitic threadworm Strongyloides stercoralis and human-parasitic hookworms in the genera Ancylostoma and Necator, feature a soil-dwelling infective larval stage that seeks out hosts for infection using a variety of host-emitted sensory cues. Here, we review our current understanding of the behavioral responses of soil-dwelling infective larvae to host-emitted sensory cues, and the molecular and cellular mechanisms that mediate these responses. We also discuss the development of methods for transgenesis and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted mutagenesis in Strongyloides stercoralis and the closely related rat parasite Strongyloides ratti. These methods have established S. stercoralis and S. ratti as genetic model systems for gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes and are enabling more detailed investigations into the neural mechanisms that underlie the sensory-driven behaviors of this medically and economically important class of parasites.

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“…The burden of anemia is significantly higher in developing countries due to factors such as insufficient diet and low intake of foods containing iron, folic acid, and vitamin B12 (Baig-Ansari et al, 2008;Ismail, Kahkashan, Antony, & Sobhith, 2016). In addition, normal physiological changes of pregnancy, consumption of smokeless tobacco, hemoglobinopathies, malaria, HIV, and hookworm infestation can also contribute to anemia among WRA (Anchang-Kimbi et al, 2017;Velikkakam et al, 2017;Shedge & Kulkarni, 2017;Velikkakam, Fiuza, & Gaze, 2017;Zhang et al, 2003). Additional factors that predispose WRA to anemia include differences in lifestyles, socio-demographic factors, hygiene conditions, and genetic susceptibility (Baig-Ansari et al, 2008;Ismail, Kahkashan, Antony, & Sobhith, 2016).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and determinants of anemia among women of reproductive age in developing countries of Asia and Africa: A systematic review protocol

Savera

Ali

2020

Preprint

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Background The burden of anemia among women of reproductive age (WRA) is significantly higher in developing countries. Studies have been conducted to estimate the prevalence and magnitude of anemia among women of reproductive age and its associated factors mainly in African and Asian countries. However, findings from the existing literature are not synthesized in a systematic way to make evidence-based decisions. Given the high burden of anemia in Asian and African countries and an enormous amount of literature on the prevalence and determinants of anemia, there is a need to undertake a systematic review on prevalence and determinants of anemia among WRA in developing countries of Asia and Africa. Hence, the objective of this study is to conduct a systematic review on the prevalence and determinants of anemia among WRA in developing countries of Asia and Africa. This synthesis of literature will help to understand the determinants of anemia to design targeted and context-based interventions primarily for WRA. In addition, this systematic review will also assist policymakers, stakeholders and managers to make informed and evidence-based decisions mainly in developing countries of Asia and Africa.Methods The review will focus on assessing the burden of anemia and its determinants in the developing countries of Asia and Africa. PubMed, CINAHL Plus, Science Direct, Medline and Cochrane will be explored using a detailed search strategy. A study will be considered eligible, if it will be a primary epidemiological research conducted through quantitative observational study designs (cross-sectional, case-control or cohort studies) on prevalence and determinants or only determinants of anemia among WRA (15-49 years) in the developing country of Africa or Asia and published in the English language in a peer-reviewed local or international journal from 2000 to 2020.Discussion This systematic review will provide an opportunity to critically appraise and synthesize the findings from individual studies on the prevalence and determinants of anemia to finally generate a summary. These aggregated findings, in turn, can guide practice and inform policymakers to make evidence-based decisions to address the problem of anemia among women of reproductive age. The results of the review will be disseminated through presentations and peer-reviewed publications.

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Overview of Hookworm Infection in Humans

Cited by 8 publications

References 62 publications

The role of carbon dioxide in nematode behaviour and physiology

The role of carbon dioxide in nematode behaviour and physiology

Terror in the dirt: Sensory determinants of host seeking in soil-transmitted mammalian-parasitic nematodes

Prevalence and determinants of anemia among women of reproductive age in developing countries of Asia and Africa: A systematic review protocol

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