Overview of extraction, clean-up and detection techniques for the determination of organic pollutants in sewage sludge: A review

Zuloaga, Olatz; Navarro, Patricia; Bizkarguenaga, E.; Iparraguirre, A.; Vallejo, Asier; Olivares, Maitane; Prieto, Amalia García

doi:10.1016/j.aca.2012.05.016

Cited by 175 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 150 publications

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“…Application of municipal biosolids, or treated sewage sludge, to agricultural land can supply nutrients and organic matter to soils (Zuloaga et al 2012). For example, in the city of Buenos Aires, about 29-45 % of biosolids carbon was still present 1 year after application, indicating the slow-release nature of biosolids-applied nutrients and organic matter (Torri and Alberti 2012).…”

Section: Municipal Biosolidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contamination and remediation of phthalic acid esters in agricultural soils in China: a review

He¹,

Gielen²,

Bolan³

et al. 2014

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

225

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Phthalic acid esters have been used as plasticizers in numerous products and classified as endocrine-disrupting compounds. As China is one of the largest consumers of phthalic acid esters, some human activities may lead to the accumulation of phthalic acid esters in soil and result in contamination. Therefore, it is necessary for us to understand the current contamination status and to identify appropriate remediation technologies. Here, we reviewed the potential sources, distribution, and contamination status of phthalic acid esters in soil. We then described the ecological effect and human risk of phthalic acid esters and finally provided technologies to remediate phthalic acid esters. We found that (1) the application of plastic agricultural films, municipal biosolids, agricultural chemicals, and wastewater irrigation have been identified as the main sources for phthalic acid ester contamination in agricultural soil; (2) the distribution of phthalic acid esters in soils is determined by factors such as anthropogenic behaviors, soil type, properties of phthalic acid esters, seasonal variation, etc.; (3) the concentrations of phthalic acid esters in soil in most regions of China are exceeding the recommended values of soil cleanup guidelines used by the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), causing phthalic acid ester in soils to contaminate vegetables; (4) phthalic acid esters are toxic to soil microbes and enzymes; and (5) phthalic acid ester-contaminated soil can be remedied by degradation, phytoremediation, and adsorption.

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Section: Municipal Biosolidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contamination and remediation of phthalic acid esters in agricultural soils in China: a review

He¹,

Gielen²,

Bolan³

et al. 2014

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

225

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“…14,27 Therefore, ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) is a frequently applied alternative technique for the extraction of pharmaceuticals from sediment. 19 The short extraction time and low solvent consumption of UAE, as well as its robustness, lower cost and ease of use, are some of the advantages of this extraction technique. 16,[27][28][29] The United States Environmental Agency (USEPA) published an analytical reference method (1694) based on UAE involving two different extraction methods under acidic and basic conditions for the determination of pharmaceuticals in environmental compartment including sediment.…”

Section: 18mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20,21 A variety of extraction procedures has been reported for organic pollutants, including pharmaceuticals, from solid environmental matrices such as sediment including methods based on microwave assisted extraction (MAE) 18,22 and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE -which is also commonly known as accelerated solvent extraction (ASE)). 19 For example, the use of ASE for extraction of pharmaceuticals from sediment results in recoveries greater than 116%. [23][24][25] Although these methods are comprehensive, use minimal amounts of solvent and reduce the processing time, 26 they are considered less popular because the instruments themselves may be complicated to use and expensive.…”

Section: 18mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Up to 90% of the analysis time can be spent on sample preparation and thus, great effort goes into the development of reliable sample preparation procedures which are as simple as possible in terms of operation and which minimise the number of steps in the analytical process. 19 For the analysis of pharmaceuticals in environmental solids, sample pre-treatment steps typically include extraction and analyte enrichment and clean-up, as these processes are essential and provide the opportunity to quantify many pharmaceutical compounds down to ng L -1 or ng Kg -1 concentrations. 20,21 A variety of extraction procedures has been reported for organic pollutants, including pharmaceuticals, from solid environmental matrices such as sediment including methods based on microwave assisted extraction (MAE) 18,22 and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE -which is also commonly known as accelerated solvent extraction (ASE)).…”

Section: 18mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of pharmaceuticals in freshwater sediments using ultrasonic-assisted extraction with SPE clean-up and HPLC-DAD or LC-ESI-MS/MS detection

Al-Khazrajy

Boxall

2017

Anal. Methods

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A robust and sensitive analytical method is presented for the extraction and determination of six pharmaceuticals in freshwater sediments. The pharmaceuticals were extracted from sediment using ultrasonic extraction with 2% NH 4 OH in methanol (MeOH), followed by extraction into 2% formic acid in MeOH and then MeOH only. The resulting extracts were then analysed, after clean-up on HLB solid phase extraction cartridges, using a single gradient run using a Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18 (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 m) column and a mobile phase consisting of 10 mM ammonium acetate and MeOH (pH=4.8). Analytes were detected and quantified using either Diode Array Detector (DAD) or tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) with electrospray ionization in positive mode. Validation studies were carried out using ten sediments sampled from the UK and Iraq with a wide range of characteristics. The mean calculated recoveries for fortified samples in all studied sediments ranged from 74.5 to 114.6% for atenolol, 72.3 to 124.9% for amitriptyline, 76.5 to 105% for mefenamic acid and 70.1 to 102% for diltiazem. Cimetidine and ranitidine showed lower recoveries which ranged from 40.2 to 68.4% and 30.4 to 55.2% respectively. Relative standard deviations (RSD) of recoveries for all sediment-pharmaceutical combinations ranged from 1.6 to 15.8%. The detection limits in sediments for the six analytes ranged from 15 to 58.5 ng g -1 and 0.03 to 3.5 ng g

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“…Drug determination in the particulate phase of wastewaters is not routinely monitored but those methods which do, use ultrasonic solvent extraction (USE) [36] or most commonly, accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) [30,[37][38][39][40]. The application of pressure enables the use of extraction solvents (eg methanol) at temperatures much higher than their boiling point, increasing solubility and mass transfer [41]. Following extraction the solvent can be diluted in water to <5 % (v/v) and subjected to SPE as an aqueous fraction [38][39].…”

Section: Analytical Strategies For Fate Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fate of drugs during wastewater treatment

Petrie

McAdam

Scrimshaw

et al. 2013

TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry

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Recent trends for the determination of pharmaceutical drugs in wastewaters focus on the development of rapid multi-residue methods. These encompass a large number of drugs (up to 90) of varying physicochemical composition (hydrophobicity, molecular weight etc) at ng l -1 concentrations in the aqueous phase of complex heterogeneous matrices. These are well suited for drug determination in secondary effluents which contain detectable concentrations of pharmaceuticals. Drugs are not routinely monitored for in particulate phases of wastewaters despite being essential for fate determination, particularly in secondary processes receiving relatively high concentrations of suspended solids. Secondary effluents tend to contain multiple drugs, often above their proposed legislative targets for consent. Thus, tertiary processing may be considered to enhance drug removal and provide additional environmental protection. However, current analytical methods do not enable the efficacy of tertiary processes to be fully ascertained due to the inherently lower drug concentrations achieved. Existing method optimisation is required to lower detection capabilities for tertiary process monitoring. This would aid the understanding of breakdown reaction completeness and the criticality between parent drug and degradation product concentrations. Numerous degradation products are formed by biological and chemical processes which can exhibit toxicity. The complimentary use of biological assays here would improve understanding of the synergistic toxicological effect of multiple drugs and their degradation products at low concentration. Additionally, tertiary processes receive secondary effluents comprising comparatively high concentrations of dissolved organics (e.g., colloids). However, knowledge of drug behaviour in the charged colloidal fraction of wastewater and its impact to treatment is limited. Monitoring and understanding here is needed to develop tertiary process diagnosis and optimisation.

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Overview of extraction, clean-up and detection techniques for the determination of organic pollutants in sewage sludge: A review

Cited by 175 publications

References 150 publications

Contamination and remediation of phthalic acid esters in agricultural soils in China: a review

Contamination and remediation of phthalic acid esters in agricultural soils in China: a review

Determination of pharmaceuticals in freshwater sediments using ultrasonic-assisted extraction with SPE clean-up and HPLC-DAD or LC-ESI-MS/MS detection

Fate of drugs during wastewater treatment

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