Overview of energy supply and demand in the GCC

Decarbonization Pathways of Worldwide Energy Systems – Definition and Modeling of Archetypes

“…In order to separate the idea of analyzing countries in a global context from the continent, subcontinent or region they are located, the idea of energy system archetypes was introduced [19]. Thereby, the characteristics of each country and similarities between countries can be analyzed, such as the difference between a country like Norway, which is dominated by hydropower generation, and Saudi-Arabia, whose energy system is dominated by oil and gas [20,21]. In [22], this archetype concept is described as follows: "Archetype analysis investigates recurrent patterns of the phenomenon of interest at an intermediate level of abstraction to identify multiple models that explain the phenomenon under particular conditions".…”

A New Approach in Providing Water to Isolated Communities by Exploitation of Sustainable Energy Resources in Dry and Semi-dry Areas in Saudi Arabia

“…Energy emitted by the sun only that reaches the earth levels around 2200 thermal kWh/m 2 [19], the solar energy emitted by the sun had attracted many researchers to investigate this phenomenon [19][20][21][22][23][24]. The values reported by them regarding the solar energy emitted by the sun and reach the earth, were shocking and despite the differences in the values reported by them, the amounts of solar energy exceeded the needs of the inhabitants of the earth if exploited properly.…”

“…The values reported by them regarding the solar energy emitted by the sun and reach the earth, were shocking and despite the differences in the values reported by them, the amounts of solar energy exceeded the needs of the inhabitants of the earth if exploited properly. David Wogan, Shreekar Pradhan and Shahad Albardi [24], reported an average value for the level of solar irradiance approaching 720 W/m 2 . Thus for a pool of 500 m 2 the amount of energy which can be utilized reaches 360000 J/s i.e.…”

“…The mentioned value of 360 kW supplied from the sun must be utilized side by side with energy produced from the wind mills working days and nights. Studies on the wind energy done by N.M. Al-Abbadi [24] of five sites in Saudi Arabia based on data collected between 1995 and 2002 concluded the viability of using wind energy to power off and on-grid locations and the studies showed that the two cities of Dhulum and Arar, with average wind speeds of 5.7 and 5.4 m/s respectively, are good candidates for off-grid wind turbines. The same study also concluded the viability of using grid connected wind turbines to partially power the two coastal cities of Yanbo and Dhahran with below average annual wind speed.…”

Residential Energy Efficiency Investment and Demand Response Under Different Electricity Pricing Schemes: A Physical-Microeconomic Approach

“…This is almost universally the case, except for generators that receive fuel at low administered prices. For example, some Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries offer low fuel prices to power utilities and industry (Wogan et al 2017). In this scenario, energy efficiency purchases would be limited in their cost-effectiveness.…”