Overview of Contemporary Chronic Total Occlusion Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Techniques: A Narrative Systematic Review

Abstract

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Long-term clinical outcomes of drug-coated balloon for the management of chronic total occlusions

“…Chronic total occlusion (CTO) is one of the most complicated lesions in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). With remarkable improvements in CTO PCI devices, introduction of hybrid techniques and guidance of intravascular imaging, the technical success rate has been reported to be 86-89% [1][2][3]. However, the major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) are about 12.3-14.8% after stent implantation in CTO lesion during long-term follow up, and most of which is target vessel revascularization (TVR) (10.3-10.5%) [4,5].…”

Feasibility of facilitated antegrade dissection with Stingray‐based re‐entry for coronary chronic total occlusions with previously stented graft‐to‐native‐vessel anastomoses

“…Since the introduction of the hybrid algorithm, success rates for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for chronic total occlusion (CTO) have steadily increased, 1 with success rates up to 85%–90% in expert centres 2,3 . This is attributable to the application of multiple strategies, along with advances in technology and techniques, which are continually evolving.…”

“…| INTRODUCTIONSince the introduction of the hybrid algorithm, success rates for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for chronic total occlusion (CTO) have steadily increased,1 with success rates up to 85%-90% in expert centres 2,3. This is attributable to the application of multiple strategies, along with advances in technology and techniques, which are continually evolving.However, patients with prior coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery represent a continued challenge, with CTO intervention in this subgroup associated with longer procedure time, radiation exposure, contrast use, and failure 4.…”