Overview of Catalytic Removal of Parabens from Water and Wastewater

Abstract

The increased consumption of parabens and associated health hazards has necessitated the development of water treatment technologies capable of removing parabens to desired levels. Among the various available treatment options, catalytic degradation has the advantages of faster reaction kinetics, increased reactive species formation, and no sludge disposal problem. Accordingly, an overview of recent advances in catalytic systems briefing removal, mineralization, and performance comparison between catalysts is essential to scale up and transfer lab-scale results to real-scale applications. The current review highlights the superiority of photocatalysis, Fenton’s, persulfate, and ozonation/catalytic ozonation systems to eliminate parabens. The performance evaluation and economic feasibility of catalytic treatment systems were identified using mathematical models. Additionally, density functional theory calculations were carried out to assess the fundamental mechanism associated with paraben degradation by TiO2 and to develop a molecular-level understanding of synthesizing catalysts that can effectively degrade parabens. In a nutshell, this review acts as a roadmap to show the feasibility of catalytic treatment technologies to eliminate parabens from the water environment.

Optimization of a novel hybrid photo-ozonation peroxymonosulfate process for degradation of Acid Black ATT dye in aqueous environment

“…These results indicate that photodegradation primarily breaks down the chromophore bonds, resulting in decolorization of the solution without significantly affecting the COD. [40] This could be attributed to the decrease in irradiation intensity in AB-ATT solutions. that the best removal efficiency of 100% for Azo Red-60 dye was achieved using UV/O 3 combined processes.…”

The evaluation of improved degradation of Acid Black ATT dye in aqueous solution by hybrid photo-ozonation peroxymonosulfate process

“…Despite the maximum decolorization at 25 mg/min, the optimum ozone concentration was selected as 20 mg min − 1 without signi cant sacri ce. That may affect the amount of effective free radicals and act as scavengers [42]. For the investigation of the rate of the decolorization by UV irradiation the synthetic solution with the concentration 20 mg L − 1 of Acid Black ATT and pH 10 was injected into the reactor and the rate of dye decay and COD removal e ciency were obtained by sample withdrawal in different time intervals.…”