Overview of Autophagy

Hayat, Maham

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-812146-7.00001-9

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 580 publications

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“…ER-phagy [ 199 ] and lipophagy [ 32 ] in β cells have not been demonstrated; somewhat due to the lack of sensitive and specific methods to observe these types of autophagy. These processes maintain cellular homeostasis in the β cells under stress conditions [ 200 ], insulin biosynthesis pressure, or continuous flow via the ER-Golgi route, which are standard features of endocrine cells, including β cells. Moreover, as discussed, the activation of the autophagic process by ER stress is mediated by elevated Atg12 expression, JNK activation, and mTOR inhibition, revealing the intimate link between ER and autophagy [ 58 , 201 , 202 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

β Cell and Autophagy: What Do We Know?

et al. 2023

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Pancreatic β cells are central to glycemic regulation through insulin production. Studies show autophagy as an essential process in β cell function and fate. Autophagy is a catabolic cellular process that regulates cell homeostasis by recycling surplus or damaged cell components. Impaired autophagy results in β cell loss of function and apoptosis and, as a result, diabetes initiation and progress. It has been shown that in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, and high metabolic demands, autophagy affects β cell function, insulin synthesis, and secretion. This review highlights recent evidence regarding how autophagy can affect β cells’ fate in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Furthermore, we discuss the role of important intrinsic and extrinsic autophagy modulators, which can lead to β cell failure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

β Cell and Autophagy: What Do We Know?

et al. 2023

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“…After the degradation, the monomers and building blocks are recycled to the cytoplasm for further use. 20,21,26,27 Autophagy modulators have a different effect on cancer progression depending on the type and status of the disease. 15,16,28−30 Autophagy can serve as an adaptive survival mechanism, and high-level autophagy can cause autophagymediated type II programmed cell death.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Salicylanilide Derivatives and Their Peptide Conjugates as Anticancer Compounds: Synthesis, Characterization, and In Vitro Effect on Glioblastoma

Horváth,

Biri-Kovács,

Baranyai

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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Pharmacologically active salicylanilides (2-hydroxy-N-phenylbenzamides) have been a promising area of interest in medicinal chemistry-related research for quite some time. This group of compounds has shown a wide spectrum of biological activities, including but not limited to anticancer effects. In this study, substituted salicylanilides were chosen to evaluate the in vitro activity on U87 human glioblastoma (GBM) cells. The parent salicylanilide, salicylanilide 5-chloropyrazinoates, a 4-aminosalicylic acid derivative, and the new salicylanilide 4-formylbenzoates were chemically and in vitro characterized. To enhance the internalization of the compounds, they were conjugated to delivery peptides with the formation of oxime bonds. Oligotuftsins ([TKPKG] n , n = 1−4), the ligands of neuropilin receptors, were used as GBM-targeting carrier peptides. The in vitro cellular uptake, intracellular localization, and penetration ability on tissue-mimicking models of the fluorescent peptide derivatives were determined. The compounds and their peptide conjugates significantly decreased the viability of U87 glioma cells. Salicylanilide compoundinduced GBM cell death was associated with activation of autophagy, as characterized by immunodetection of autophagy-related processing of light chain 3 protein.

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“…Autophagy contributes to this balance by trafficking and degrading/recycling unwanted cytoplasmic materials in the vacuole (plants) or lysosome (mammals; Masclaux-Daubresse et al, 2017 ; Bozhkov, 2018 ; Yoshimoto and Ohsumi, 2018 ). With roles in cancer, ageing, diabetes and numerous neurodegenerative diseases, the identification of autophagy components and regulatory machinery is one of the most research-intensive fields in mammalian biology ( Hayat, 2017 ). Likewise, autophagy is crucial for the proper regulation of plant metabolism and nutrient remobilisation in response to biotic and abiotic stress and a housekeeping capacity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Biotechnological Applications of Autophagy for Agriculture

et al. 2021

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Autophagy is a genetically regulated, eukaryotic cellular degradation system that sequestrates cytoplasmic materials in specialised vesicles, termed autophagosomes, for delivery and breakdown in the lysosome or vacuole. In plants, autophagy plays essential roles in development (e.g., senescence) and responses to abiotic (e.g., nutrient starvation, drought and oxidative stress) and biotic stresses (e.g., hypersensitive response). Initially, autophagy was considered a non-selective bulk degradation mechanism that provides energy and building blocks for homeostatic balance during stress. Recent studies, however, reveal that autophagy may be more subtle and selectively target ubiquitylated protein aggregates, protein complexes and even organelles for degradation to regulate vital cellular processes even during favourable conditions. The selective nature of autophagy lends itself to potential manipulation and exploitation as part of designer protein turnover machinery for the development of stress-tolerant and disease-resistant crops, crops with increased yield potential and agricultural efficiency and reduced post-harvest losses. Here, we discuss our current understanding of autophagy and speculate its potential manipulation for improved agricultural performance.

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Overview of Autophagy

Cited by 12 publications

References 580 publications

β Cell and Autophagy: What Do We Know?

β Cell and Autophagy: What Do We Know?

New Salicylanilide Derivatives and Their Peptide Conjugates as Anticancer Compounds: Synthesis, Characterization, and In Vitro Effect on Glioblastoma

Potential Biotechnological Applications of Autophagy for Agriculture

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