Overview of acute diarrheal disease at the dawn of the 21st century: The case of Mexico

Abstract

Objective. To provide an overview of morbidity and mor­tality due to acute diarrheal disease in Mexico in order to understand its magnitude, distribution, and evolution from 2000 to 2016. Materials and methods. We carried out a longitudinal ecological study with secondary sources of information. We used data from epidemiological surveillance, health services, and vital statistics. We calculated and mapped measures of utilization of health services rates and mortal­ity due to diarrheal diseases. Results. Diarrhea morbidity decreased by 42.1% across the period. However, emergency department attendances increased by 50.7% in the Ministry of Health. The hospitalization rate and mortality among the gen­eral population decreased by 37.6 and 39.7%, respectively, and the infant mortality rate decreased by 72.3% among children under five years of age. Chiapas and Oaxaca had the highest mortality among the states of Mexico. Conclusions. Cases of diarrhea, including rotavirus, have decreased in Mexico. However, in 2016, 3.4 per 100 000 people died due to diar­rhea, which could have been avoided with health promotion.

Gut Microbiota in Mexican Children With Acute Diarrhea

“…3 Data from 2014 to 2016 showed a 48.5% reduction in the number of rotavirus cases in Mexico, with 1299 cases reported in 2016. 4 In addition, emergency department visits due to rotavirus were reduced by 77.7% between 2007 and 2016. 4 Similarly, our study showed that a relatively low proportion of cases had rotavirus as the etiologic pathogen.…”

“…2 While the introduction of a rotavirus vaccine (2006)(2007)(2008)(2009) substantially reduced the incidence of AD and diarrhea-related deaths among children in Latin America, 3 an ecologic study showed that in 2016, there were still 4.8 million cases of AD in Mexico. 4 The study showed that the etiologic agent was unknown in 79.2% of cases; in 10% of the cases, diarrhea was due to intestinal amebiasis and fewer than 2.5% of cases were due to typhoid and paratyphoid fevers (2.1% and 1.5%, respectively), other protozoal intestinal diseases (1.5%), other bacterial foodborne pathogens (0.5%), giardiasis (0.5%), shigellosis (0.3%) or other Salmonella infections (0.3%). 4 Over recent decades, many studies have focused on understanding human microbiome and its association with disease.…”

“…4 The study showed that the etiologic agent was unknown in 79.2% of cases; in 10% of the cases, diarrhea was due to intestinal amebiasis and fewer than 2.5% of cases were due to typhoid and paratyphoid fevers (2.1% and 1.5%, respectively), other protozoal intestinal diseases (1.5%), other bacterial foodborne pathogens (0.5%), giardiasis (0.5%), shigellosis (0.3%) or other Salmonella infections (0.3%). 4…”

Association of Maternal Factors Towards Acute Diarrhoeal Episodes in Under Five Children in Chhindwara District: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…Diarrheal illness is a serious health problematic international [1]. It is perhaps one of the most important reasons of sickness and death amongst infants and broods in developing countries [2].…”

A Transdisciplinary Approach to Water Access: An Exploratory Case Study in Indigenous Communities in Chiapas, Mexico

“…In this study, we would argue that typologies of value cocreation practices could be a useful way to better understand ICs in the context of addressing water-related challenges. In Mexico, for example, where 85% of rural areas have access to piped water, diarrhoeal disease is still the highest risk of death for children under five years of age [21]. Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that 60% of all deaths caused by diarrhoea in low-and middle-income countries are attributable to unsafe drinking water, sanitation and hygiene [22].…”