Overview and New Insights Into the Diversity, Evolution, Role, and Regulation of Kisspeptins and Their Receptors in Teleost Fish

Wang, Bin; Mechaly, Alejandro S.; Somoza, Gustavo M.

doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.862614

Cited by 11 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 176 publications

(334 reference statements)

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“…These data indicate that SPXs are a functional agonist for Galr2, and both PKC and PKA pathways mediate SPX functions. It is worth mentioning that clarifying the intricate web of intracellular pathways in response to SPX and its interaction with GnRH ( 28 , 56 ), GnIH ( 57 , 58 ), and kisspeptin ( 32 , 35 ), is a promising area for future research not only in fish but also in other vertebrates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In all vertebrates, reproduction is mainly regulated by the brain-pituitary-gonadal (BPG) axis. A plethora of neuropeptides are involved in the control of reproduction, including gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), kisspeptin (Kiss), gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH), neurokinin B (NKB), among others ( 25 – 35 ). Half-smooth tongue sole ( Cynoglossus semilaevis ) is an economically important marine flatfish that is widely cultured in China, and this species needs approximately 3 years of sexual maturation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New evidence for SPX2 in regulating the brain-pituitary reproductive axis of half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis)

Wang

Tian

et al. 2022

Front. Endocrinol.

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Spexin (SPX) is an evolutionarily conserved neuropeptide, which was first identified in human proteome by data mining. Two orthologs (SPX1 and SPX2) are present in some non-mammalian species, including teleosts. It has been demonstrated that SPX1 is involved in reproduction and food intake, whereas the functional role of SPX2 is still absent in any vertebrate. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the actions of intraperitoneal injection of endogenous SPX2 peptide on the expression levels of some key reproductive genes of the brain-pituitary axis in half-smooth tongue sole. Our data showed an inhibitory action of SPX2 on brain gnih, spx1, tac3 and pituitary gthα, lhβ mRNA levels. However, SPX2 had no significant effect on brain gnihr, gnrh2, gnrh3, kiss2, kiss2r, spx2 expression or pituitary gh expression. On the other hand, SPX2 induced an increase in pituitary fshβ expression. Taken together, our results provide initial evidence for the involvement of SPX2 in the regulation of reproduction in vertebrates, which is in accordance with previous studies on SPX1.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New evidence for SPX2 in regulating the brain-pituitary reproductive axis of half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis)

Wang

Tian

et al. 2022

Front. Endocrinol.

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“…Kp and Kpr genes are expressed within the ovaries of diverse animal species including fish ( 107 , 108 ), birds ( 109 ), rodents ( 22 , 110 , 111 ), canines ( 112 , 113 ), cattle ( 114 , 115 ), and primates ( 116 ). There has been some variation in reports regarding the relative expression of KPs or KPRs in oocytes and somatic cells ( 28 ).…”

Section: Kisspeptin Signaling In the Ovarymentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of Kisspeptin signaling in Oocyte maturation

et al. 2022

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Kisspeptins (KPs) secreted from the hypothalamic KP neurons act on KP receptors (KPRs) in gonadotropin (GPN) releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons to produce GnRH. GnRH acts on pituitary gonadotrophs to induce secretion of GPNs, namely follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), which are essential for ovarian follicle development, oocyte maturation and ovulation. Thus, hypothalamic KPs regulate oocyte maturation indirectly through GPNs. KPs and KPRs are also expressed in the ovarian follicles across species. Recent studies demonstrated that intraovarian KPs also act directly on the KPRs expressed in oocytes to promote oocyte maturation and ovulation. In this review article, we have summarized published reports on the role of hypothalamic and ovarian KP-signaling in oocyte maturation. Gonadal steroid hormones regulate KP secretion from hypothalamic KP neurons, which in turn induces GPN secretion from the hypothalamic-pituitary (HP) axis. On the other hand, GPNs secreted from the HP axis act on the granulosa cells (GCs) and upregulate the expression of ovarian KPs. While KPs are expressed predominantly in the GCs, the KPRs are in the oocytes. Expression of KPs in the ovaries increases with the progression of the estrous cycle and peaks during the preovulatory GPN surge. Intrafollicular KP levels in the ovaries rise with the advancement of developmental stages. Moreover, loss of KPRs in oocytes in mice leads to failure of oocyte maturation and ovulation similar to that of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). These findings suggest that GC-derived KPs may act on the KPRs in oocytes during their preovulatory maturation. In addition to the intraovarian role of KP-signaling in oocyte maturation, in vivo, a direct role of KP has been identified during in vitro maturation of sheep, porcine, and rat oocytes. KP-stimulation of rat oocytes, in vitro, resulted in Ca2+ release and activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2. In vitro treatment of rat or porcine oocytes with KPs upregulated messenger RNA levels of the factors that favor oocyte maturation. In clinical trials, human KP-54 has also been administered successfully to patients undergoing assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) for increasing oocyte maturation. Exogenous KPs can induce GPN secretion from hypothalamus; however, the possibility of direct KP action on the oocytes cannot be excluded. Understanding the direct in vivo and in vitro roles of KP-signaling in oocyte maturation will help in developing novel KP-based ARTs.

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“…Following the discovery of GnIH, another hypothalamic neuropeptide kisspeptin (Kiss) has been recognized as an essential stimulator of reproduction in mammals (22,23). In contrast to most mammals in which only one kiss and one receptor genes have been characterized, up to three kiss genes (kiss1, kiss2 and kiss3) and four receptor genes (kissr1, kissr2, kissr3 and kissr4) have been identified in non-mammalian species (24), which increases the complexity of the Kiss/KissR systems involved in the control of reproduction (25,26). In most teleost species, both kiss1 and kiss2 along with kissr2 and kissr3 genes have been reported, whereas only the kiss2/kissr2 system was identified in other fish species, including half-smooth tongue sole (26,27).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food deprivation differentially modulates gene expression of LPXRFa and kisspeptin systems in the brain-pituitary axis of half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis)

Wang

Cui

et al. 2023

Front. Endocrinol.

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LPXRFa, also known as gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH), and kisspeptin (Kiss) are two major hypothalamic peptides that modulate the reproductive axis of vertebrates, including teleosts. However, little information is available regarding the actions of nutritional status on the regulation of these two neuroendocrine systems in fish. Herein, we assessed the effects of starvation and refeeding on the expression of lpxrfa, kiss2 and their receptors (lpxrfa-r and kiss2r respectively) at the brain-pituitary level of half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). Food deprivation for 4 weeks induced a rise in brain lpxrfa as well as brain and pituitary lpxrfa-r mRNA levels, and refeeding restored brain lpxrfa and lpxrfa-r expression back to normal. However, pituitary lpxrfa-r mRNA levels still remained high after 1 week of refeeding. Neither lpxrfa nor kiss2 transcripts in the pituitary were altered by fasting, but their mRNA levels increased significantly after 1 week of refeeding, and declined back to the control levels after 2 weeks of refeeding. None of brain kiss2 and kiss2r along with pituitary kiss2r transcripts were modified by the nutritional status. In summary, our results revealed an interaction between energy status and the elements of LPXRFa and Kiss systems in the brain-pituitary axis of half-smooth tongue sole. Food deprivation and refeeding differentially regulated the two systems, which provided additional evidence for the involvement of the LPXRFa and Kiss systems in the regulation of reproduction by energy balance in non-mammalian species.

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Overview and New Insights Into the Diversity, Evolution, Role, and Regulation of Kisspeptins and Their Receptors in Teleost Fish

Cited by 11 publications

References 176 publications

New evidence for SPX2 in regulating the brain-pituitary reproductive axis of half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis)

New evidence for SPX2 in regulating the brain-pituitary reproductive axis of half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis)

The role of Kisspeptin signaling in Oocyte maturation

Food deprivation differentially modulates gene expression of LPXRFa and kisspeptin systems in the brain-pituitary axis of half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis)

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