Overview and Classification of Spinal Infections

Calderone, Rocco R.; Larsen, John M.

doi:10.1016/s0030-5898(20)32044-7

Cited by 106 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…On the basis of data from the human literature, we suspect the intervertebral disk in very young mink has a blood supply and, thus, a portal of entry for bacteria but that this disappears as the animals mature. 2, 4, 18, 19, 24 Because of the specific thoracic vertebral predilection site, we also suspect that the blood supply to the thoracic vertebrae differs from that of the cervical and lumbar vertebrae, allowing the deposition of bacteria in thoracic sites at a vulnerable time during development. Because of the presence of numerous secondary changes observed histologically at the lesion sites, it is likely that the lesions observed in this study had first developed at least 2 weeks before necropsy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As opposed to diskitis in adult humans, which usually occurs after spinal surgery, spontaneous diskitis typically affects children and often occurs without an identifiable initiating cause. 2, 4, 7, 25 The explanation for these differences in adult versus juvenile humans is thought to be at least in part because of age differences in the vascular supply to the intervertebral disk. 2, 4, 18, 19, 24…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bacterial Diskospondylitis Associated with Posterior Paresis/Paralysis in North American Farmed Mink (Mustela vison)

2005

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Abstract. Posterior paresis/paralysis in farmed mink is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality, with individual farms reporting the loss of as many as 700 animals each year. Although this disease has been recognized by North American mink farmers for approximately 40 years, there are few published reports focusing on this entity. The objective of this study was to investigate the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease. Complete necropsy examinations were done on 40 clinically affected mink, ranging from 7 to 10 weeks of age, and on three normal animals in the same age range from two mink farms. Thirty-two of the 40 clinically affected animals had an isolated vertebral lesion characterized by bone lysis and proliferation that usually was centered on an intervertebral disk space in the midthoracic area. An inflammatory reaction, composed primarily of neutrophils, was present within the vertebral sections in 25 of the 40 affected animals (62.5%), and the presence of gram-positive cocci was confirmed in 8 of 10 animals (80%) in which bacterial organisms were observed histologically. Bacterial cultures from 15 affected animals yielded Streptococcus sp. from the intervertebral disk space in 13 of 15 (86.7%) animals and from heart blood in 6 of 8 (75%). A farm visit revealed no history or evidence of traumatic wounds as a source of infection in these animals, and the diet appeared to be adequate for skeletal development. We conclude that posterior paresis/paralysis in farmed mink is associated with bacterial diskospondylitis, likely occurring secondary to bacteremia/septicemia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Diskospondylitis Associated with Posterior Paresis/Paralysis in North American Farmed Mink (Mustela vison)

2005

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“…Spinal infections include vertebral osteomyelitis (infection of the vertebral body), discitis (infection of the intervertebral disk) and spondylodiscitis (Sd) (infection of two adjacent vertebral bodies and their intervertebral disk). 63 incidence of Sd in developed countries ranges must be taken to follow the accumulation of labelled WBcs to infected areas. 62 in chronic sternal infections often a cold area is observed because of the presence of necrotic bone into the physiological uptake of normal bone marrow: in this contest a peripheral faint uptake of leukocytes could be the only sign that confirms a bone infection.…”

Section: The Point Of View Of the Nuclear Medicine Physician On Spinal Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar results have been confirmed by many other studies. 63,71 The pattern of activity is critical to accurate interpretation. 72 hungenbach et al proposed a four different patterns (score 0-4) of fdg uptake: 73,74 from 4 to 24 per million per year.…”

Section: The Point Of View Of the Nuclear Medicine Physician On Spinal Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid imaging of musculoskeletal infections

Glaudemans¹,

Prandini²,

M³

et al. 2018

Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging

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the radiological and nuclear medicine point of view in several musculoskeletal infections: peripheral bone infection, prosthetic joint infection, sternal infections and spondylodiscitis. The point of view of the radiologist on musculoskeletal infectionsRadiological imaging is usually the first modality used to assess patients with suspected musculoskeletal infection and peripheral bone infection (PBi) in particular. conventional radiographs have been traditionally used as the first diagnostic approach. However, they generally only become positive when at least 30% to M usculoskeletal infections are a serious problem in healthcare. establishing the correct diagnosis is often difficult, it involves also in a large percentage young people, and may have a huge impact on daily life. Treatment of a musculoskeletal infection often requires a long time and/or multiple surgeries, and may in some cases lead to amputation or can even -in case of dissemination of the infection and sepsis -be life threatening.Several diagnostic imaging modalities are available for the diagnosis of musculoskeletal infections, but all tests have their limitations, and the imaging techniques used differ in centers based on local experiences, available techniques and costs. in this review we highlight

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“…Spondylodiscitis is an uncommon infection that represents 3-5% of all cases of osteomyelitis [1,2]. The incidence seems to be increasing in the last years as a result of higher life expectancy of older patients with chronic debilitating diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Picked Up by a Wasp? Watch Out the Spine! A Case of Multifocal Pyogenic Spondylodiscitis

S¹,

Casazza²,

Carnevale³

2015

J Clin Case Rep

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Introduction: spondylodiscitis represents 3-5% of all cases of osteomyelitis. S. aureus is isolated in 50% of cases. Mortality ranges is 0-11%. Disability may occur. Diagnosis is often a challenge. Lumbar spine is preferentially affected with multifocal involvement in 4% cases. Septic shock mortality rate is high (22-76%). Purpose: to describe a case of septic shock due to pyogenic multifocal spondylodiscitis successfully-treated in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Methods: 63-year-old woman presented in Emergency Department complaining 7 days back pain, weakness and diarrhea. Clinical setting suggested intra-abdominal infection. Rapid hemodynamic derangement required ICU transfer to treat septic shock and multiple organ failure. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis showed normal count cells and hyperproteinorachia. Methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) was isolated from blood cultures and in a very low charge from CSF. In addiction C. difficile toxin was found. Vertebral spine Magnetic Resonance Imaging showed spondylodiscitis in multiples vertebral bodies and intervertebral disks, paravertebral and Psoas muscles abscesses. Further anamnestic information allowed identification of recent wrist wasp sting (infected by the same MSSA). In ICU, patient underwent C. albicans fungemia and P. aeruginosa sepsis. She was treated with antibiotics and we performed advanced-cardiovascular-support, protective-mechanicalventilation and continuous-venovenous-hemofiltration. Results: after 79 days, patient was transferred to rehabilitation ward and then back home. Conclusions: despite previous delay in sepsis recognition and its underlying cause, early application of intensive support and close adherence to Survival Sepsis Campaign treatment guidelines were critical issues for the survival of this unusual spondylodiscitis case.

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Overview and Classification of Spinal Infections

Cited by 106 publications

References 18 publications

Bacterial Diskospondylitis Associated with Posterior Paresis/Paralysis in North American Farmed Mink (Mustela vison)

Bacterial Diskospondylitis Associated with Posterior Paresis/Paralysis in North American Farmed Mink (Mustela vison)

Hybrid imaging of musculoskeletal infections

Picked Up by a Wasp? Watch Out the Spine! A Case of Multifocal Pyogenic Spondylodiscitis

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