Overtraining in Resistance Exercise: An Exploratory Systematic Review and Methodological Appraisal of the Literature

Alterations in Adiponectin, Leptin, Resistin, Testosterone, and Cortisol across Eleven Weeks of Training among Division One Collegiate Throwers: A Preliminary Study

“…Fatigue is a necessary consequence of training. Indeed, fatigue, in some form and to some degree, is required to elicit adaptation, and thus is not simply always undesirable [3,4]. Grandou [4] describes important aspects of the time course for recovery in an attempt to help coaches better understand and utilize functional overreaching, a strategy in which performance and/or relevant performance-based adaptation(s) rebounds beyond baseline following a period of increased fatigue.…”

“…Indeed, fatigue, in some form and to some degree, is required to elicit adaptation, and thus is not simply always undesirable [3,4]. Grandou [4] describes important aspects of the time course for recovery in an attempt to help coaches better understand and utilize functional overreaching, a strategy in which performance and/or relevant performance-based adaptation(s) rebounds beyond baseline following a period of increased fatigue. In contrast, nonfunctional overreaching involves a fatigue state that either lasts longer than desired and/or only leads to an eventual return to baseline and thus no performance improvement or adaptation enhancement [3,4].…”

“…Grandou [4] describes important aspects of the time course for recovery in an attempt to help coaches better understand and utilize functional overreaching, a strategy in which performance and/or relevant performance-based adaptation(s) rebounds beyond baseline following a period of increased fatigue. In contrast, nonfunctional overreaching involves a fatigue state that either lasts longer than desired and/or only leads to an eventual return to baseline and thus no performance improvement or adaptation enhancement [3,4]. While nonfunctional overreaching is ideally avoided, it is acute and thus less severe than overtraining syndrome (OTS), which is a chronic issue that requires a substantial de-loading period simply to return to baseline [3,4].…”

“…In contrast, nonfunctional overreaching involves a fatigue state that either lasts longer than desired and/or only leads to an eventual return to baseline and thus no performance improvement or adaptation enhancement [3,4]. While nonfunctional overreaching is ideally avoided, it is acute and thus less severe than overtraining syndrome (OTS), which is a chronic issue that requires a substantial de-loading period simply to return to baseline [3,4]. Cadegiani and Kater [3] describe that the general hormone symptomology between overreaching (functional and nonfunctional) and OTS can be similar (e.g., increased cortisol); however, important differences can exist in the magnitude and time course.…”

Symptoms of Overtraining in Resistance Exercise: International Cross-Sectional Survey

“…Additionally, majority of previous overtraining studies have included only male participants. 13 At present, information concerning overtraining prevalence, potential mechanisms and symptomatology in resistance-trained athletes is scarce. Many previous studies that have investigated the mechanisms and manifestation of overtraining in resistance exercise have failed to appropriately establish FOR, NFOR or OTS (for review, see Grandou et al 13 ).…”