Overt rehearsal and long-term retention.

Meunier, Gary F.; Kestner, Jane; Meunier, Jo Ann; Ritz, Douglas

doi:10.1037/h0036373

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This effect is especially impressive because it was obtained despite the fact that the task of the intentional-elaborative group involved the distraction of overt rehearsal in addition to the creation of imagery. Overall, the results of our word recognition measure agree quite well with those previously obtained by Meunier, Kestner, Meunier, and Ritz (1974), who used a quite different paradigm to measure long-term effects of rehearsal.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Maintenance rehearsal: A two-component analysis.

Naveh–Benjamin¹,

Jonides²

1984

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

116

125

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Maintenance rehearsal of verbal material has traditionally been viewed as a unitary process involving the recirculation of information through memory. According to one view, this recirculation results in long-term memory traces; according to another, it does not. We propose an alternative model that views maintenance rehearsal as a two-stage activity. The first stage, which demands effort, consists of various processes involved in retrieving an articulatory program of the to-be-rehearsed material, loading it into a rehearsal buffer, and beginning to execute it. The second stage is hypothesized to be more automatic. It involves repetitive execution of the rehearsal program. According to this model, it is especially the first stage that causes the creation of long-term memory traces. We tested the model by applying three criteria to establish the distinction between a .controlled and a more automatic component of rehearsal. The experiments that included these tests also compared maintenance and elaborative rehearsal conditions both on the criteria for distinguishing controlled and automatic processing and on their respective effects on the establishment of long-term memory traces. Overall, the results of these experiments provide support for a two-stage model of maintenance rehearsal and for the assertion that the early stage causes rehearsed material to be stored with some permanence.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Maintenance rehearsal: A two-component analysis.

Naveh–Benjamin¹,

Jonides²

1984

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

116

125

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…When given instructions as to what material they are expected to learn, people will learn it more effectively by concentrating on the relevant material and paying less attention to irrelevant material. This effect has been shown empirically with many different types of materials and in many situations (Dawley & Dawley, 1974;Duchastel & Brown, 1974;Kaplan & Rothkopf, 1973;Marton & Sandquist, 1972;Mechanic, 1962;Meunier, Kestner, Meunier, & Ritz, 1974;Wolk, 1974;Wolk & Du Cette, 1974;Postman & Adams, 1957;Zerdy, 1971). If jurors knew what is relevant to their verdict at the beginning of a trial, they would be better able to focus in on relevant evidence as it is being presented, and later remember it.…”

Section: Time Of Presentationmentioning

confidence: 79%

Improving Comprehension for Jury Instructions

Sales

Elwork

Alfini³

1977

The Criminal Justice System

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“…Some investigators (e.g., Craik & Watkins, 1973, Experiment 2;Dark & Loftus, 1976) solved this problem by requiring spoken rehearsal. Meunier, Kestner, Meunier, and Ritz (1974) used a different approach, requiring written rehearsal. The stimuli used were consonant trigrams.…”

Section: Copying Paradigmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of maintenance rehearsal on human memory.

Greene

1987

Psychological Bulletin

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There has been a conflict among several theories of memory as to whether the duration of the rehearsal of an item is necessarily related to its long-term retention. This conflict has centered on the question of whether rote rehearsal intended solely to maintain an item in awareness will lead to an increase in long-term-memory performance for that item. This question has been addressed with a variety of paradigms and has been answered in several ways. A review of the literature suggests that the duration of maintenance rehearsal affects the memory trace chiefly by increasing self-coding (item information) and that, consequently, its effects tend to be more evident on recognition than on recall tests.Research in psychology too often fails into a predictable pattern. A phenomenon is reported and excites great interest Experimentation on this phenomenon is carried on feverishly for a period of time. Then interest in it tapers off, usually without any firm conclusions being reached. On the surface, one might see this pattern exemplified by the study of the long-term effects on memory of maintenance rehearsal. Research on this topic was carried on quite heavily in the 1970s, and it seems to be lessening today. I argue, however, that the research on maintenance rehearsal was not in vain but rather established empirical principles of considerable importance.It is easy to trace the beginning of modern research on maintenance rehearsal. Waugh and Norman (1965) placed great emphasis on the role of rehearsal in transferring information into permanent storage in memory. By rehearsal, they meant the "recall of a verbal item-either immediate or delayed, silent or overt, deliberate or involuntary" (Waugh & Norman, 1965, p. 92). (for a discussion of the definition of the term rehearsal and of the ways in which this term has been used by memory researchers, see Johnson, 1980, andPeynircioglu, 1982.) Waugh and Norman (1965) went on to claim, "Rehearsal transferred a recently perceived verbal item from one memory store to another more commodious store from which it can be retrieved at a much later time" (p. 92). Following James (1890), Waugh and Norman called these stores primary memory and secondary memory.Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) developed their own highly influential multistore model of memory. As in the Waugh and Norman (1965) model, rehearsal was responsible for the transfer of information between primary and secondary memory (or, as Atkinson and Shiffrin called them, short-term store and longterm store). Rehearsal served this function at least in part simply by maintaining information in the short-term store. As Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) noted, "Throughout the period that information resides in the short-term store transfer takes place to long-term store" (p.

show abstract

Overt rehearsal and long-term retention.

Cited by 15 publications

References 5 publications

Maintenance rehearsal: A two-component analysis.

Maintenance rehearsal: A two-component analysis.

Improving Comprehension for Jury Instructions

Effects of maintenance rehearsal on human memory.

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