Abstract:To explore the role of protective enzymes in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) resistance to mites, transgenic cassava lines overproducing copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (MeCu/ZnSOD) and catalase (MeCAT1) were used to evaluate and molecularly confirm cassava resistance to Tetranychus cinnabarinus. Laboratory evaluation demonstrated that, compared with the control cultivar TMS60444 (wild type, WT), the survival, reproduction, development and activities of SOD and CAT in T. cinnabarinus feeding on transgenic … Show more
“…Based on the symptoms due to damage by mites, the damage scale of cassava leaf was classified into five points as follows: D 0 : No damage, healthy growth of the leaf.D 1 : The mite‐damaged area accounts for less than 25% of the whole leaf.D 2 : The mite‐damaged area accounts for 26–50% of the whole leaf.D 3 : The mite‐damaged area accounts for 51–75% of the whole leaf.D 4 : The mite‐damaged area accounts for more than 76% of the whole leaf.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Leaves of identical growth status from the middle of the 6-month-old laboratory plants were selected, 5,15,25,35,45 and 55 healthy female adult mites were introduced to the back of a whole leaf and petioles were coated with vaseline to prevent the escape of mites. There were four replicates per treatment, one infested plant represented a replicate.…”
Section: T Urticae Inoculation On Cassava Leavesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For all the enzymes, a significant increase in activity was observed under mite treatments of 25, 35, 45 and 55 mites/leaf while 5 and 15 mites/leaf were not. In addition, the fold change in enzyme activities relative to control for 8 days of inoculation (mite treatments of 5,15,25,35,45 and 55 mites/leaf ) were listed as SOD 1.66-, 1.69-, 2.26-, 1.77-, 0.64-and 0.51-fold ( Fig. 3(d)), CAT 1.47-, 1.66-, 2.21-, 1.66-, 0.61-and 0.56-fold ( Fig.…”
Section: Activities Of Protective Enzymes Coordinated Well With Mite mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The red spider mite Tetranychus urticae is known as a worldwide economic pest in cassava production. In China, this mite can cause 50–70% yield loss or even lead to no harvest at all . So far, the use of acaricides is the most common method to control T. urticae .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In China, this mite can cause 50-70% yield loss or even lead to no harvest at all. 5 So far, the use of acaricides is the most common method to control T. urticae. Growers in Hainan province used to increase the amount and frequency of acaricide application in order to control the mite but overuse of acaricide may cause high mortality of natural enemies and potential resistance problems.…”
“…Based on the symptoms due to damage by mites, the damage scale of cassava leaf was classified into five points as follows: D 0 : No damage, healthy growth of the leaf.D 1 : The mite‐damaged area accounts for less than 25% of the whole leaf.D 2 : The mite‐damaged area accounts for 26–50% of the whole leaf.D 3 : The mite‐damaged area accounts for 51–75% of the whole leaf.D 4 : The mite‐damaged area accounts for more than 76% of the whole leaf.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Leaves of identical growth status from the middle of the 6-month-old laboratory plants were selected, 5,15,25,35,45 and 55 healthy female adult mites were introduced to the back of a whole leaf and petioles were coated with vaseline to prevent the escape of mites. There were four replicates per treatment, one infested plant represented a replicate.…”
Section: T Urticae Inoculation On Cassava Leavesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For all the enzymes, a significant increase in activity was observed under mite treatments of 25, 35, 45 and 55 mites/leaf while 5 and 15 mites/leaf were not. In addition, the fold change in enzyme activities relative to control for 8 days of inoculation (mite treatments of 5,15,25,35,45 and 55 mites/leaf ) were listed as SOD 1.66-, 1.69-, 2.26-, 1.77-, 0.64-and 0.51-fold ( Fig. 3(d)), CAT 1.47-, 1.66-, 2.21-, 1.66-, 0.61-and 0.56-fold ( Fig.…”
Section: Activities Of Protective Enzymes Coordinated Well With Mite mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The red spider mite Tetranychus urticae is known as a worldwide economic pest in cassava production. In China, this mite can cause 50–70% yield loss or even lead to no harvest at all . So far, the use of acaricides is the most common method to control T. urticae .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In China, this mite can cause 50-70% yield loss or even lead to no harvest at all. 5 So far, the use of acaricides is the most common method to control T. urticae. Growers in Hainan province used to increase the amount and frequency of acaricide application in order to control the mite but overuse of acaricide may cause high mortality of natural enemies and potential resistance problems.…”
The struggle for survival is a natural and a continuous process. Microbes are struggling to survive by depending on plants for their nutrition while plants on the other hand are resisting the attack of microbes in order to survive. This interaction is a tug of war and the knowledge of microbe-plant relationship will enable farmers/agriculturists improve crop health, yield, sustain regular food supply, and minimize the use of agrochemicals such as fungicides and pesticides in the fight against plant pathogens. Although, these chemicals are capable of inhibiting pathogens, they also constitute an environmental hazard. However, certain microbes known as plant growth-promoting microbes (PGPM) aid in the sensitization and priming of the plant immune defense arsenal for it to conquer invading pathogens. PGPM perform this function by the production of elicitors such as volatile organic compounds, antimicrobials, and/or through competition. These elicitors are capable of inducing the expression of pathogenesis-related genes in plants through induced systemic resistance or acquired systemic resistance channels. This review discusses the current findings on the influence and participation of microbes in plants’ resistance to biotic stress and to suggest integrative approach as a better practice in disease management and control for the achievement of sustainable environment, agriculture, and increasing food production.
Dangerous Paracoccus marginatus papaya mealybugs cause considerable threats and challenges to cassava production and processing. The deployment of resistant cultivars offers effective, economical and eco-friendly management strategies for pest management. We utilized P. marginatus mortality, development and reproduction to evaluate the resistance of fteen cassava cultivars and conducted physiological and biochemical analyses when P. marginatus was fed on two resistant cultivars (Myanmar, C1115) and three susceptible cultivars (BRA900, Bread, SC205). Signi cantly lower digestive (amylase, sucrase, lipase), detoxi cation (glutathione-S-transferase and carboxylesterase) and antioxidant, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO), enzyme activities were observed in P. marginatus feeding on resistant cultivars compared to susceptible cultivars. For resistant cultivars, a signi cant reduction was found in nutritional components containing free amino acids, nitrogen, soluble sugars and the secondary metabolite malondialdehyde. Additionally, signi cantly higher enzymatic activity (SOD, CAT, POD and PPO) levels and secondary metabolite quantities (total phenol and tannins) were found in resistant cultivars induced by P. marginatus compared with susceptible ones. Additionally, RT-qPCR tests showed that the transcripts of ten genes involved in nutrition, secondary metabolites and antioxidant activities were consistent with their physiology and biochemistry changes. Thus, resistant cultivars prevented P. marginatus populations from suffering lower P. marginatus damage by elevating secondary metabolite contents and antioxidant activities, reducing nutrition levels and decreasing enzymatic activities. This study will be bene cial in determining the important indexes for developing standard regulations to evaluate P. marginatus-resistant cassavas, helping the development of effective strategies for pest management.
Key MessageWe identi ed and characterized the resistance of fteen cassava cultivars to P. marginatus.The activities of digestive, detoxi cation and antioxidant enzymes of P. marginatus were signi cantly inhibited after they were fed on resistant cultivars.Lower contents of nutritional components and malondialdehyde, and higher levels of toxic secondary metabolites together with antioxidant enzyme activities were observed in resistant cassava cultivars infested with P. marginatus.The resistant cultivars prevented P. marginatus populations from suffering lower P. marginatus damage by elevating secondary metabolite contents and antioxidant activities, reducing nutrition levels and decreasing enzymatic activities.
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