Overprediction and blocking in the McCollough aftereffect

Sloane, Michael E.; Ost, John W.P.; Etheriedge, Deborah B.; Henderlite, Stephen E.

doi:10.3758/bf03208045

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Elsewhere, it has been suggested that there is overwhelming evidence that the ME is a CR (e.g., Allan & Siegel, 1986, 1993, 1997a, 1997bEissenberg et al, 1995;. Although we, and others (e.g., Brand, Holding, & Jones, 1987;Murch, 1976;Sloane, Ost, Etheriedge, & Henderlite, 1989;Schull, 1979;Westbrook & Harrison, 1984), have found the Pavlovian conditioning interpretation of the ME compelling, some investigators have not (e.g., Bedford, 1995;Dodwell & Humphrey, 1990;Durgin & Proffitt, 1996).…”

Section: Conditioned Responses As "Withdrawal Symptoms"mentioning

confidence: 69%

Learning and homeostasis: Drug addiction and the McCollough effect.

Siegel

Allan²

1998

Psychological Bulletin

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The contribution of conditioned responses (CRs) to homeostasis may be seen by examining seemingly disparate phenomena of color vision (aftereffects and chromatic adaptation) and drug addiction (withdrawal symptoms and tolerance). Color aftereffects may be elicited by nonchromatic stimuli previously paired with color (the McCollough effect, [ME]). Similarly, pharmacological aftereffects may be elicited by nonpharmacological stimuli previously paired with a drug (withdrawal symptoms). The authors summarize evidence indicating that both the ME and withdrawal symptoms are CRs. The chromatic CR is expressed as chromatic adaptation in the presence of color, and the ME in the absence of color. The pharmacological CR is expressed as pharmacological adaptation (tolerance) in the presence of the drug, and withdrawal symptoms in the absence of the drug. Both drug withdrawal symptoms and the ME are manifestations of the contribution of conditioning to normal homeostatic regulation. The authors discuss the implications of this conclusion for understanding regulatory processes and the evolution of behavioral mechanisms.

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Section: Conditioned Responses As "Withdrawal Symptoms"mentioning

confidence: 69%

Learning and homeostasis: Drug addiction and the McCollough effect.

Siegel

Allan²

1998

Psychological Bulletin

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“…What the classical conditioning approach has been good at predicting about contingent aftereffects are certain kinds of interactions derived from the Rescorla-Wagner model of associative learning (i.e. blocking and overshadowing, Siegel and Allan, 1985;Sloane et al, 1989;Westbrook and Harrison, 1984). Although the findings reported do not prove that the Rescorla-Wagner model is the correct one (Sloane et al, 1989), they do suggest that some kind of associative principles may be involved.…”

Section: Classical Conditioning Accounts Of Adaptationmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Murch, 1972) retains staunch advocates (e.g. Allan andSiegel, 1986, 1993;Eissenberg, 1992, 1994) and a number of important supportive findings based on predictions from the Rescorla-Wagner (1972) model of classical conditioning (Siegel and Allan, 1985;Sloane, Ost, Etheridge and Henderlite, 1989;Westbrook and Harrison, 1984). There remain advocates of more precisely formulated associative theories, as well (Barlow, 1990;Montalvo, 1976), but these theories differ from the strict classical conditioning account in that they are concerned with associations that are modified between neurons, not between stimuli (though a less strict conditioning account could be similarly maintained).…”

Section: Classical Conditioning Accounts Of Adaptationmentioning

confidence: 91%

Visual learning in the perception of texture: simple and contingent aftereffects of texture density

Durgin¹,

Proffítt²

1996

Spatial Vis

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Novel results elucidating the magnitude, binocularity and retinotopicity of aftereffects of visual texture density adaptation are reported as is a new contingent aftereffect of texture density which suggests that the perception of visual texture density is quite malleable. Texture aftereffects contingent upon orientation, color and temporal sequence are discussed. A fourth effect is demonstrated in which auditory contingencies are shown to produce a different kind of visual distortion. The merits and limitations of error-correction and classical conditioning theories of contingent adaptation are reviewed. It is argued that a third kind of theory which emphasizes coding efficiency and informational considerations merits close attention. It is proposed that malleability in the registration of texture information can be understood as part of the functional adaptability of perception. 10/48

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“…57,58 Indeed, color-after effects in the visions 59 appear to be subject to blocking. [60][61][62] Taken together, these findings suggest a unified model of perception, action, and belief driven by predictions and PEs.…”

Section: Bayes Predictive Coding and Associationsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Explaining Delusions: Reducing Uncertainty Through Basic and Computational Neuroscience

Feeney

Groman

Taylor

et al. 2017

Schizophrenia Bulletin

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Delusions, the fixed false beliefs characteristic of psychotic illness, have long defied understanding despite their response to pharmacological treatments (e.g., D 2 receptor antagonists). However, it can be challenging to discern what makes beliefs delusional compared with other unusual or erroneous beliefs. We suggest mapping the putative biology to clinical phenomenology with a cognitive psychology of belief, culminating in a teleological approach to beliefs and brain function supported by animal and computational models. We argue that organisms strive to minimize uncertainty about their future states by forming and maintaining a set of beliefs (about the organism and the world) that are robust, but flexible. If uncertainty is generated endogenously, beliefs begin to depart from consensual reality and can manifest into delusions. Central to this scheme is the notion that formal associative learning theory can provide an explanation for the development and persistence of delusions. Beliefs, in animals and humans, may be associations between representations (e.g., of cause and effect) that are formed by minimizing uncertainty via new learning and attentional allocation. Animal research has equipped us with a deep mechanistic basis of these processes, which is now being applied to delusions. This work offers the exciting possibility of completing revolutions of translation, from the bedside to the bench and back again. The more we learn about animal beliefs, the more we may be able to apply to human beliefs and their aberrations, enabling a deeper mechanistic understanding.Key words: delusions/behavioral neuroscience/cognitive neuroscience/computational psychiatry/associative learning The End of the World and the Beginning of a TheoryIn December 1954, the Chicago Tribune reported that Dorothy Martin was relaying a prophecy from extra-terrestrials that the world was about to end. A number of followers flocked to her but her prophecy did not manifest. She ultimately settled in Sedona, Arizona where she lived until she was 92, continuing to proselytize about aliens but evading interaction with psychiatric services. Did Martin have delusions? What about her acolytes? Defining, explaining, and ultimately understanding delusions has proven challenging (see Freeman and Bebbington, this issue). In this article, we describe how neuroscientists have tried to meet that challenge. The approach demands some simplifying assumptions. Basic neuroscience in preclinical models will not recapitulate all of the features of delusions. However, simple models can be useful.

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Overprediction and blocking in the McCollough aftereffect

Cited by 9 publications

References 51 publications

Learning and homeostasis: Drug addiction and the McCollough effect.

Learning and homeostasis: Drug addiction and the McCollough effect.

Visual learning in the perception of texture: simple and contingent aftereffects of texture density

Explaining Delusions: Reducing Uncertainty Through Basic and Computational Neuroscience

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