Overlooked gall-inducing moths revisited, with the description of Andescecidium parrai gen. et sp. n. and Oliera saizi sp. n. from Chile (Lepidoptera, Cecidosidae)

Abstract

There are still many gall systems associated with larvae of Lepidoptera in which the true gall-inducers have not been identified to species. Reports on misidentification of gall inducers have been recurrent for these galls, particularly in complex gall-systems that may include inquilines, kleptoparasites, and cecidophages, among other feeding guilds such as predators and parasitoid wasps. Here we describe and illustrate the adults, larvae, pupae and galls, based on light and scanning microscopy, of Andescecidiumparraigen. et sp. n. and Olierasaizisp. n., two sympatric cecidosid moths that are associated with Schinuspolygamus (Cav.) Cabrera (Anacardiaceae) in central Chile. Adults, immatures, and galls of the former did not conform to any known cecidosid genus. Galls of A.parrai are external, spherical, and conspicuous, being known for more than one century. However, their induction has been mistakenly associated with either unidentified Coleoptera (original description) or Olieraargentinana Brèthes (recently), a distinct cecidosid species with distribution restricted to the eastern Andes. Galls of O.saizi had been undetected, as they are inconspicuous. They occur under the bark within swollen stems, and may occur on the same plant, adjacent to those of A.parrai. We also propose a time-calibrated phylogeny using sequences from mitochondrial and nuclear loci, including specimens of the new proposed taxa. Thus in addition to clarifying the taxonomy of the Chilean cecidosid species we also tested their monophyly in comparison to congeneric species and putative specimens of all genera of Neotropical and African cecidosids.

Systematics of Helioandesia tarregai gen. et sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutoidea: Heliodinidae) from the Andes of Northern Chile

“…7). Similar patterns have been described in other families of micromoths (Pereira et al 2017;Silva et al 2018). However, as the current knowledge of L. loriculata is based only on the female holotype (Hsu & Powell 1997), an assessment of the phylogenetic relationships of this species should wait until additional specimens are available for examination and analysis of morphological and molecular characters.…”

Complex meristematic activity induced by Eucecidoses minutanus on Schinus engleri turns shoots into galls

“…The gall morphotypes induced in Schinus (Anacardiaceae) of South America are quite diverse (e.g., Burckhardt and Basset, 2000; Moreira et al, 2012, 2017; Dias et al, 2013a, b; San Blas and Davis, 2013; Guedes et al, 2018a; Silva et al, 2018a, b). Two phylogenetically sister species— Cecidoses eremita Curtis and Eucecidoses minutanus Brèthes (Lepidoptera, Cecidosidae) (Silva et al, 2018b)—induce globoid stem galls with similar shape, but different sizes, side by side in the same branches on distinct Schinus spp.…”