Overlooked diversity in Brazilian Cypella (Iridaceae, Iridoideae): four new taxa from the Río de la Plata grasslands

Abstract

Three new species and one subspecies of Cypella are described for Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil: Cypella altouruguaya from northern RS, C. amplimaculata widely distributed across the state and C. rivularis restricted to southern RS, in grassland streams of the Pampa biome. Cypella hauthalii subsp. minuticristata is found in a central area of Rio Grande do Sul. The different taxa are described, illustrated and compared with related species. The resulting taxonomic framework shows that most of the species described for Cypella occur in the Río de la Plata grasslands, with various infrageneric taxa characterised by a high level of endemism, especially in the Subtropical Grasslands of Southern Brazil.

La identificación de Cypella exilis Ravenna (Iridaceae)

“…En trabajos posteriores, Ravenna (2001Ravenna ( , 2003 pasa a reconocer C. exilis cómo una especie de la sección Nais, que segundo él es altamente endémica de los alrededores del municipio brasileño de San Gabriel, en el centro-sur del estado de Rio Grande del Sur. La falta de tipificación y la fragilidad de la delimitación de este común taxón llevó Chauveau et al (2014) a proponer Cypella amplimaculata Chauveau & L. Eggers para el estado brasileño de Rio Grande de Sur. Más recientemente, Deble & Alves (2017) tipificaran Cypella exilis y reconocen dicha especie como ocurrente en el sur de Brasil y Uruguay, como mencionado en la obra original de Klatt, además tratan el taxón como perteneciente a la sección Cypella, con base en las características de las flores del material elegido tipo.…”

A taxonomic synopsis of Cypella (Iridaceae) in Brazil

“…The list of Iridaceae reported in this project encompasses 160 species distributed among 18 genera . Subsequently, knowledge on systematics and taxonomy of Iridaceae was expanded through increasing collections, phylogenetic approaches (Chauveau et al 2011;Lovo et al 2012;Alves et al 2014;Inácio et al 2017;Stiehl-Alves et al 2017); multivariate statistical treatments (Pastori et al 2018); and various new species publications (Lovo & Mello-Silva 2011;Deble et al 2012c;2015a;b;Aita et al 2013;Chauveau et al 2014;Gil et al 2014;Oliveira et al 2016;Inácio et al 2018). Despite considerable advances, various genera still need to be broadly and thoroughly explored to assess their taxonomic delimitation and infrageneric classification (Chauveau et al 2012;Pastori et al 2018).…”

“…Species of Cypella colonize various grassland formations, which range from very dry and stony to flooded grasslands mostly distributed in Pampas and Campos eco-regions but also in adjacent areas such as the subtropical Highland Grasslands (Iganci et al 2011). RPG is considered as the centre of diversity of the genus (Chauveau et al 2014) by the proportion of inhabiting species and newly described taxa (Pastori et al 2018). In 2010, only 14 species of Cypella were listed for Brazil ) but ten taxa were discovered during the last decade in Southern Brazil (Deble et al 2012c;2015a;b;Chauveau et al 2014) and phylogenetic studies revealed that at least one of the previously listed species was only distantly related to the genus (Chauveau et al 2012).…”

“…RPG is considered as the centre of diversity of the genus (Chauveau et al 2014) by the proportion of inhabiting species and newly described taxa (Pastori et al 2018). In 2010, only 14 species of Cypella were listed for Brazil ) but ten taxa were discovered during the last decade in Southern Brazil (Deble et al 2012c;2015a;b;Chauveau et al 2014) and phylogenetic studies revealed that at least one of the previously listed species was only distantly related to the genus (Chauveau et al 2012). In this context, the species delimitation framework presented last year for C. pusilla (Pastori et al 2018) and the recent studies carried out for the Brazilian Flora 2020 project (Flora do Brasil 2020 em construção 2019) revealed that a revision of the taxonomic entities currently included in Cypella and a complete treatment of the Brazilian species are mandatory and should provide efficient tools for species recognition and identification.…”

A New Endemic Mimosa (Leguminosae, Mimosoideae) from Pampa Biome, Brazil

“…This biome is classified as an area of extreme biological importance (MMA 2000). Furthermore, it has been a site of new species description for species including Cypella rivularis Chauveau & L.Eggers (Iridaceae) (Chauveau et al 2014), Trichocline cisplatina E.Pasini & M.R.Ritter (Asteraceae) (Pasini & Ritter 2012), Pavonia exasperata Grings & Boldrini (Malvaceae) (Grings & Boldrini 2012), Herbertia zebrina Deblé (Iridaceae) (Deble 2010), and it is one of the centers of diversity of the Petunia group (Lorenz-Lemke et al 2006). According to Boldrini et al (2011), 89 new species in the Pampa Biome were described between 2009 and 2013.…”