Overlearning-extinction effect as an incentive phenomenon.

Theios, John; Brelsford, John W.

doi:10.1037/h0048143

Cited by 37 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Evidence from several earlier experiments (Birch, Allison, & House, 1963;Birch, Ison, & Sperling, 1960;Theios & Blosser, 1965;Theios & Brelsford, 1964) supported the position that continuous reward and discrimination training have similar effects on resistance to extinction of the response to S+. However, the present findings and those of Jenkins (1961) indicate that discrimination training may increase resistance to extinction to S+.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Within-subjects partial-reinforcement effects in acquisition and in later discrimination learning.

Henderson¹

1966

Journal of Experimental Psychology

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50 male albino rats, in 5 groups, were run 4 trials a day, 2 in a black and 2 in a white runway. Ss were continuously rewarded on 48 trials in 1 runway (Sit) ar >d rewarded on a percentage of the 48 trials in the other (S 2 ±) at 100, SO, 25, 12.5, or 0%. In a 2nd phase, conditions were changed so that none of the trials to Si were rewarded while all S» trials were. In Phase 1, speeds to Ss± increased as a negatively accelerated function of percentage of reward. Speeds to SiJ increased slightly as well. In Phase 2, resistance to extinction to Si-was related to prior percentage of reward to Sa± but speeds to 82+ were not. The findings were interpreted within the framework of Amsel's theory of frustrative nonreward.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Within-subjects partial-reinforcement effects in acquisition and in later discrimination learning.

Henderson¹

1966

Journal of Experimental Psychology

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“…Consistent with the rationale that formed the basis for the experiment, rats trained under conditions of FR-1-medium dose were less persistent during extinction after extended acquisition training than brief acquisition training. This phenomenon, known in the nondrug reinforcement literature as the overtraining extinction effect (e.g., Ison, 1962;Theios & Brelsford, 1964), is readily interpretable within the context of the frustration model of persistence. Specifically, larger doses of cocaine and lengthier acquisition training would mutually increase expectation for reward.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The effects of acquisition training schedule on extinction and reinstatement of cocaine self-administration in male rats.

Valles¹,

Rocha²,

Nation³

2006

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology

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Partial reinforcement is known to increase resistance to extinction (Rn) relative to training with continuous reinforcement. This phenomenon, referred to as the partial reinforcement extinction effect, is one of the most robust in learning and conditioning studies. Experiment 1 investigated manipulations known to affect the partial reinforcement extinction effect and determined their possible relevance for drug use patterns. Male rats received intravenous cocaine self-administration training under partial reinforcement (FR-10) training or continuous reinforcement (FR-1) conditions with either a low (0.25 mg/kg infusion) or a high cocaine dose (1.00 mg/kg infusion). Animals were placed on an extinction (recurrent nonreward) schedule for 10 days (1-hr sessions) prior to being tested for cue-induced reinstatement (single 2-hr session). Experiment 2 involved acquisition of cocaine self-administration under FR-1 conditions of short training (15 days) or extended training (30 days) with a low dose (0.25 mg/kg infusion) or a medium dose (0.50 mg/kg infusion) of cocaine reward prior to extinction or reinstatement. Experiment 1 showed that rats trained with FR-10-high dose outcomes exhibited greater Rn than the remaining groups. Additionally, FR-10-high dose and FR-10-low dose rats were more likely to return to active drug seeking during the reinstatement test. In Experiment 2, rats trained under FR-1-medium dose conditions were more persistent during extinction following short acquisition training than comparable rats experiencing extended acquisition training. The reinstatement test was conducted following extinction, in which it was observed that overtraining under FR-1-medium dose reward schedules resulted in a decrease in the tendency to return to active drug seeking.

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“…The relevant reward ratios in the two experiments were 930/90 or 10.3, and 250/37 or 6.8. Theios and Brelsford (1964), and Theios and Blosser (1965) have related magnitude of reward to the ORE via an incentive mechanism.…”

Section: Level Of Training X Training Procedures (T X P*)-tablementioning

confidence: 99%

Variables controlling the overlearning reversal effect (ORE).

Hooper¹

1967

Journal of Experimental Psychology

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128 hooded rats were trained in a black-white discrimination task in a Y maze according to a 2X2X2X2 factorial design. Large or small reward, correction or noncorrection procedure, distinctive or nondistinctive trials were combined in the 8 possible combinations during acquisition. For 1 the Ss in each group reversal learning began upon reaching criterion, for the other i 200 additional trials were given before reversal. Overlearning facilitated reversal learning when reward was large, but not when reward was small, and the ORE was more likely to occur under correction than under noncorrection procedures. Distinctiveness as manipulated in this experiment, did not have a large differential effect on the ORE. Overlearned Ss in both conditions performed better during reversal than did mastery Ss. The results for reward and training procedure were discussed with reference to frustration theory.

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Overlearning-extinction effect as an incentive phenomenon.

Cited by 37 publications

References 15 publications

Within-subjects partial-reinforcement effects in acquisition and in later discrimination learning.

Within-subjects partial-reinforcement effects in acquisition and in later discrimination learning.

The effects of acquisition training schedule on extinction and reinstatement of cocaine self-administration in male rats.

Variables controlling the overlearning reversal effect (ORE).

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