Overexpression of Trx CDSP32 gene promotes chlorophyll synthesis and photosynthetic electron transfer and alleviates cadmium-induced photoinhibition of PSII and PSI in tobacco leaves

Overexpression of tomato RING E3 ubiquitin ligase gene SlRING1 confers cadmium tolerance by attenuating cadmium accumulation and oxidative stress

“…Cd stress also inhibits photosynthesis and respiration, and thus many of the metabolic activities relating to these vital physiological processes are affected to a different extent. Phenotypically, Cd‐stressed plants show severe leaf yellowing, stunted shoot growth, and reduced root elongation (Hasan et al, 2019; Zhang et al, 2020; Zhao & Wang, 2019). Cd‐induced leaf chlorosis is attributed to both reduction in chlorophyll synthesis and enhancement of its degradation (Rydzyński et al, 2018; Zhang et al, 2020).…”

“…Phenotypically, Cd‐stressed plants show severe leaf yellowing, stunted shoot growth, and reduced root elongation (Hasan et al, 2019; Zhang et al, 2020; Zhao & Wang, 2019). Cd‐induced leaf chlorosis is attributed to both reduction in chlorophyll synthesis and enhancement of its degradation (Rydzyński et al, 2018; Zhang et al, 2020). Nonetheless, Cd‐induced damages to the structure of the chloroplast also result in the reduction of the chlorophyll content under Cd stress (Hasan et al, 2019).…”

“…Previous studies have revealed that excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation under Cd stress induces oxidative stress and causes damage to lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids (Ahammed, Wu, et al, 2020; Ma et al, 2012; Viehweger, 2014; Zhang et al, 2011; Zhang et al, 2020). Plants use different types of antioxidants (enzymatic and non‐enzymatic) to scavenge or neutralize ROS and thus to minimize ROS‐induced oxidative damage (Ahammed et al, 2018; Ahammed et al, 2019; Ma et al, 2012; Noctor et al, 2012).…”

Exogenous γ-glutamic acid (GABA) induces proline and glutathione synthesis in alleviating Cd-induced photosynthetic inhibition and oxidative damage in tobacco leaves

“…Among the heavy metal pollution, Cd is one of the most toxic and common heavy metal pollutants, and it is easy to enter the food chain (Chen et al 2018). Cd can destroy the structure of plant chloroplast (Santos et al 2018), inhibit the synthesis of chlorophyll and photosynthesis (Shukla et al 2008;Hendrik et al 2007;Zhang et al 2015;Zhang et al 2020a), reduce the activity of antioxidant enzymes (Wu et al 2015;Khanna et al 2019;Zhang et al 2020b), lead to the outbreak of ROS (Zhang et al 2007;Rizwan et al 2019;Zhang et al 2020c).…”

Na+ accumulation alleviates drought stress induced photosynthesis inhibition of PSII and PSI in leaves of Medicago sativa

“…Drought conditions lead plants to significantly reduce the stomatal conductance of leaves to reduce water loss (Yi et al 2016), and photosynthetic capacity is often also reduced with decreased stomatal conductance (Zhang et al 2010). PSII and PSI are the main photosynthetic systems that are inhibited under adverse conditions (Zhang et al 2020a(Zhang et al , 2020b, and drought often leads to a decrease in the photochemical activity of PSII and PSI, resulting in the blockage of electron transport and the inhibition of energy production (ATP and NADPH) and carbon capture (Zhang et al 2019b). Inhibition of photosynthesis under drought stress also results in excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to increased levels of membrane peroxidation (Forni et al 2017).…”