“…Alteration of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is heavily implicated in EC pathogenesis, it is necessary to identify mechanistic feedback loops and crosstalk with other signaling cascades to anticipate mechanisms of adaptive response and acquired resistance and thereby to develop rational therapeutic approach. A number of in vitro studies have demonstrated the antiproliferative, anti-invasive, and antimetastatic effects of metformin in multiple cancer cell types, including EC-like cancer cells, 15 but there is presently insufficient data available to justify use of metformin as a preventive or as an anticancer agent in EC. On the basis of in vitro studies and rodent models, our goal was to investigate anticancer effects of metformin involved in IGF-1, mTOR, and AMPK signaling in nondiabetic women with EC who were candidates to surgery.…”