Overexpression of PvPin1, a Bamboo Homolog of PIN1-Type Parvulin 1, Delays Flowering Time in Transgenic Arabidopsis and Rice

Abstract

Because of the long and unpredictable flowering period in bamboo, the molecular mechanism of bamboo flowering is unclear. Recent study showed that Arabidopsis PIN1-type parvulin 1 (Pin1At) is an important floral activator and regulates floral transition by facilitating the cis/trans isomerization of the phosphorylated Ser/Thr residues preceding proline motifs in suppressor of overexpression of CO 1 (SOC1) and agamous-like 24 (AGL24). Whether bamboo has a Pin1 homolog and whether it works in bamboo flowering are still unknown. In this study, we cloned PvPin1, a homolog of Pin1At, from Phyllostachys violascens (Bambusoideae). Bioinformatics analysis showed that PvPin1 is closely related to Pin1-like proteins in monocots. PvPin1 was widely expressed in all tested bamboo tissues, with the highest expression in young leaf and lowest in floral bud. Moreover, PvPin1 expression was high in leaves before bamboo flowering then declined during flower development. Overexpression of PvPin1 significantly delayed flowering time by downregulating SOC1 and AGL24 expression in Arabidopsis under greenhouse conditions and conferred a significantly late flowering phenotype by upregulating OsMADS56 in rice under field conditions. PvPin1 showed subcellular localization in both the nucleus and cytolemma. The 1500-bp sequence of the PvPin1 promoter was cloned, and cis-acting element prediction showed that ABRE and TGACG-motif elements, which responded to abscisic acid (ABA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA), respectively, were characteristic of P. violascens in comparison with Arabidopsis. On promoter activity analysis, exogenous ABA and MeJA could significantly inhibit PvPin1 expression. These findings suggested that PvPin1 may be a repressor in flowering, and its delay of flowering time could be regulated by ABA and MeJA in bamboo.

Genome‐wide identification and expression analysis reveal the potential function of ethylene responsive factor gene family in response to Botrytis cinerea infection and ovule development in grapes (Vitis vinifera L.)

“…; Zheng et al . ), especially VvERF071 and VvERF072 , suggesting they may take part in response to pathogen infection. The TGA‐element and AuxRR‐core elements participate in the response to auxin.…”

Characteristics and Expression Pattern of MYC Genes in Triticum aestivum, Oryza sativa, and Brachypodium distachyon

“…The cis -elements related to growth/development include light-responsive element G-box (CACGTC) [46] and Sp1 (GGGCGG) [47], the metabolism regulation related cis -element O2-site [48], and the meristem expression related cis -element CAT-box [49]. The cis -elements related to hormones include the methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-responsive elements CGTCA-motif [50] and TGACG-motif [51], the abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive element ABRE (ACGTG) [52], the gibberellin(GA)-responsive element GARE-motif [53], the auxin-responsive elements TGA-element [54] and AuxRR-core (GGTCCAT) [55], and the salicylic acid (SA)-responsive element TCA-element (CCATCTTTTT) [56]. The cis -elements associated with abiotic stresses include adaptive elements such as drought-inducibility element MBS (CAACTG) [57], low-temperature responsiveness element LTR (CCGAAA) [58], anaerobic induction ARE (AAACCA) [59], and anoxic specific inducibility element GC-motif (A/CGCCGCGCA) [60] were detected in a series of members.…”

Genome-Wide Identification, Phylogeny, and Expressional Profiles of the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase (MAPKKK) Gene Family in Pyropia yezoensis

“…This indicates that PyMAPKKKs play an important role in the adaptation of P. yezoensis to the inter-tidal environment where it is exposed to low temperatures and desiccation. Various regulatory elements related to hormones, including a TCA-element related to salicylic acid (SA) expression, P-motif and CAREmotif related to gibberellic acid (GA)-responsive elements, a TGA-element related to an auxin-responsive element, and CGTCA-motif and TGACG-motifs related to methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-responsiveness, were also identified in the PyMAPKKKs (Zheng et al, 2017). In particular, 31 PyMAPKKK contained an ABA responsive element (ABRE element), which is involved in ABA responsiveness.…”