Overexpression of microRNA-21-5p and microRNA-221-5p in Monocytes Increases the Risk of Developing Coronary Artery Disease

Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRs) regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and are found to be present in monocytes. This study aimed to investigate miR-221-5p, miR-21-5p, and miR-155-5p, their expression in monocytes, and their role in coronary arterial disease (CAD). The study population comprised 110 subjects, and RT-qPCR was used to examine the miR-221-5p, miR-21-5p, and miR-155-5p expressions in monocytes. Results: the miR-21-5p (p = 0.001) and miR-221-5p (p < 0.001) expression levels were significantly higher in the CAD group, and the miR-155-5p (p = 0.021) expression levels were significantly lower in the CAD group; only miR-21-5p and miR-221-5p upregulation was found to be associated with an increased CAD risk. The results show significant increases in miR-21-5p in the unmedicated CAD group with the metformin patients vs. the healthy control group (p = 0.001) and vs. the medicated CAD group with metformin (p = 0.022). The same was true for miR-221-5p in the CAD patients unmedicated with metformin vs. the healthy control group (p < 0.001). Our results from Mexican CAD patients show that the overexpression in monocytes of miR-21-5p and miR-221-5p increases the risk of the development of CAD. In addition, in the CAD group, the metformin downregulated the expression of miR-21-5p and miR-221-5p. Also, the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) decreased significantly in our patients with CAD, regardless of whether they were medicated. Therefore, our findings allow for the proposal of new therapeutic strategies for the diagnosis and prognosis of CAD and the evaluation of treatment efficacy.

Exosomal miRNA‐21‐5p and miRNA‐21‐3p as key biomarkers of myocardial infarction

“… 47 Similarly, other research on patients with stable CAD has shown that elevating serum miRNA‐21 may contribute to the development of inflammatory pathways in the pathogenesis of CAD or may be related to the effects of inflammatory diseases on atherosclerosis and acute coronary syndrome. 48 In line with previous reviews, the present study indicates exo‐miRNA‐21‐3p has a significant positive correlation with hs‐CRP levels in CAD patients. Compared with exo‐miRNA‐21‐3p, exo‐miRNA‐21‐5p has a negative correlation with hs‐CRP levels, but this relationship is not significant.…”

Identification of key genes and signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of Huntington's disease via bioinformatics and next generation sequencing data analysis

“…Previous studies have been reported that EPAS1 [167], HOXA1 [734], TGM2 [114], CCND2 [191], MAP1B [204], EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) [198], NEDD4L [187], DCLK1 [196], hsa-mir-363-3p [738], SMAD4 [739], ATF3 [740], TBX5 [741] and CREB1 [742] increased the risk of inflammation development. Previous studies have reported that EPAS1 [486], HOXA1 [735], TGM2 [449], CCND2 [500], EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) [276], NEDD4L [496], DCLK1 [504], hsa-mir-363-3p [738], hsa-mir-21-5p [743], SMAD4 [744], ATF3 [745], TBX5 [746], SREBF1 [747], SMARCA4 [748] and CREB1 [749] were regulated in cardiovascular diseases. Studies reported that ERBB3 [255], TGM2 [223], CCND2 [274], EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) [276], hsa-mir-21-5p [750], ATF3 [751], SREBF1 [752], ARNT (aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator) [753] and CREB1 [754] play important roles in diabetes mellitus.…”

The Essence of Lipoproteins in Cardiovascular Health and Diseases Treated by Photodynamic Therapy

“…Again, other studies that have been conducted on endothelial cells have shown the elevated expression of the 3p chain of this miR in patients having CAD [102,105]. Torres-Paz and colleagues also showed that miR-155-5p is downregulated in CAD patients [96]. According to the literature, the expression of miR-155-5p may have various effects depending on the stage of atherosclerotic plaque development.…”

“…In a study by Torres-Paz and colleagues, it was shown that monocytes from patients who had coronary artery disease (CAD) significantly increased the expression of both miR-21-5p and miR-221-5p and also decreased the expression of miR-155-5p and NOS3 [96]. Moreover, only overexpression of miR-21-5p and miR-221-5p is closely associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease.…”