“…Commonly, increasing P450 enzyme activity in resistant pests is regulated by overexpression of one or more P450 genes (Karunker et al ., 2008; Bao et al ., 2016; Elzaki et al ., 2016). Especially, the P450 genes CYP6AY1 and (or) CYP6ER1 have been identified to be involved in resistance to imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, dinotefuran, sulfoxaflor and buprofezin in laboratory and field‐collected N. lugens populations (Bass et al ., 2011; Ding et al ., 2013; Bao et al ., 2016; Pang et al ., 2016; Zhang et al ., 2016b; Sun et al ., 2018; Wu et al ., 2018; Jin et al ., 2019; Liao et al ., 2019; Mao et al ., 2019). Similarly, the current study indicated that when compared with SS, significant overexpression of CYP6ER1 was found in all five field populations, which showed resistance to multiple insecticides including clothianidin, dinotefuran, thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, sulfoxaflor, and buprofezin.…”