Overcoming the challenges of phage therapy for industrial aquaculture: A review

Culot, Antoine; Grosset, Noël; Gautier, Michel

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734423

Cited by 96 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 186 publications

(211 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, and perhaps more importantly, phage addition did not cause alterations in water quality nor in fish health, demonstrating it is a safe treatment in the fish farming system. However, detailed knowledge of the applied phage needs to be available to consider its suitability as a treatment [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Fate of Bacteriophages in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS)—Towards Developing Phage Therapy for RAS

et al. 2019

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Aquaculture production has increased tremendously during the last decades, and new techniques have been developed, e.g., recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). In RAS, the majority of water volume is circulated via mechanical and biological filters and reused in the tanks. However, the prevention and treatment of diseases in these systems are challenging, as the pathogens spread throughout the system, and the addition of chemicals and antibiotics disrupts the microbiome of the biofilters. The increasing antibiotic resistance has made phage therapy a relevant alternative for antibiotics in food production. Indeed, as host-specific and self-replicating agent they might be optimal for targeted pathogen eradication in RAS. We tested the survival and spread of Flavobacterium columnare -infecting phage FCL-2 in recirculating aquaculture fish farm with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in a fully controlled study. After a single addition, phage persisted in water samples collected from tank, fixed bed, moving bed, and aeration unit up to 14 days, and in the water of rearing tanks, rainbow trout mucus, and bioreactor carrier media from the fixed and moving bed biofilters for 21 days. Furthermore, phage adsorbed preferentially to moving bed carrier media, which contained biofilm attached and from which higher phage numbers were recovered. This study shows phages as a potent strategy for maintaining biosecurity in RAS systems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Fate of Bacteriophages in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS)—Towards Developing Phage Therapy for RAS

et al. 2019

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“…Control of bacterial presence or numbers is necessary in many fields and disciplines, including food preservation (Founou et al, 2016), aquaculture (Culot et al, 2019), animal husbandry (Cuong et al, 2018), plant preservation (McManus et al, 2002), and medicine, and this is routinely achieved by classical antimicrobial chemotherapy. However, with the rise of antibiotic resistance, alternatives to antibiotic therapy are becoming ever more necessary; phage therapy offers one possible alternative (Ventola, 2015).…”

Section: Introduction To Bacteriophage Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Local Bacteriophage Delivery for Treatment and Prevention of Bacterial Infections

et al. 2020

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As viruses with high specificity for their bacterial hosts, bacteriophages (phages) are an attractive means to eradicate bacteria, and their potential has been recognized by a broad range of industries. Against a background of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria, bacteriophages have received much attention as a possible "last-resort" strategy to treat infections. The use of bacteriophages in human patients is limited by their sensitivity to acidic pH, enzymatic attack and short serum half-life. Loading phage within a biomaterial can shield the incorporated phage against many of these harmful environmental factors, and in addition, provide controlled release for prolonged therapeutic activity. In this review, we assess the different classes of biomaterials (i.e., biopolymers, synthetic polymers, and ceramics) that have been used for phage delivery and describe the processing methodologies that are compatible with phage embedding or encapsulation. We also elaborate on the clinical or preclinical data generated using these materials. While a primary focus is placed on the application of phage-loaded materials for treatment of infection, we also include studies from other translatable fields such as food preservation and animal husbandry. Finally, we summarize trends in the literature and identify current barriers that currently prevent clinical application of phage-loaded biomaterials.

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“…Although, phage therapy demonstrates many benefits over antibiotic therapy, there are drawbacks, which delay the use of phages in pharmaceutical industry for human use [3]. However, phages can be particularly used on aquatic farmed species like shrimps that do not have specific immune system and thus no benefits from vaccination [6]. No activity against any given bacterial strain, chance of emergence of bacterial resistance against phages, contribution of phages for emergence of antibiotic resistance, diminishing the activity due to anti-bacteriophage immune response activation for phages, etc., are some of the factors that associate to limit the use of phage therapy in humans and animals [3,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, due to the scarcity of the reliable evidences of safety on phage therapy, safety of the consumption of phage-treated fishes, and ecological impacts when excessive use of phages, most countries still not authorized phage therapy for industrial use. Hence, for efficient and safe phage therapy, it needs to be developed an appropriate formulation depending on the targeted bacteria, aquaculture species, targeted organs, and identifying an adequate phage shelf life [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of phage delivery by bioencapsulation of artemia nauplii with Edwardsiella tarda phage (ETP-1)

et al. 2020

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This study proposed that phage-enriched artemia could be a useful tool for transferring phage into the cultured fish (larvae or adult) as a feed, and introduce mode of phage administration and its safety in concern of tissue adaptation for efficient phage therapy in aquatic animals. First, whether Edwardsiella tarda phage (ETP-1) could attach or ingest by the artemia and optimum time period for the ETP-1 enrichment with artemia were investigated. ETP-1 dispersion, abundance and persistency, and zebrafish immune transcriptional responses and histopathology were evaluated after feeding the fish with ETP-1-enriched artemia. Hatched artemia nauplii (36 h) were enriched with 1.90 × 10 11 PFUmL −1 of ETP-1, and maintained at 25°C. The highest enrichment level was obtained after 4 h (3.00 × 10 9 PFUmL −1), and artemia were alive and active similar to control for 8 h. ETP-1 disseminated dose dependently to all the tissues rapidly (12 h). However, when feeding discontinued, it drastically decreased at day 3 with high abundance and persistency in the spleen (1.02 × 10 3) followed by the kidney (4.00 × 10 1) and the gut (1 × 10 1 PFUmL −1) for highest ETP-1-enriched artemia dose. In contrast, during continuous delivery of ETP-1-enriched artemia, ETP-1 detected in all the tissues

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Overcoming the challenges of phage therapy for industrial aquaculture: A review

Cited by 96 publications

References 186 publications

The Fate of Bacteriophages in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS)—Towards Developing Phage Therapy for RAS

The Fate of Bacteriophages in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS)—Towards Developing Phage Therapy for RAS

Local Bacteriophage Delivery for Treatment and Prevention of Bacterial Infections

Development of phage delivery by bioencapsulation of artemia nauplii with Edwardsiella tarda phage (ETP-1)

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