Overcoming the biological aging of titanium using a wet storage method after ultraviolet treatment

Abstract

We evaluated whether the biological activity of the surface of titanium, when stored in an aqueous solution after ultraviolet (UV) treatment, is comparable to that of the surface immediately after UV treatment. We subjected Grade IV titanium discs with machined surfaces to UV radiation for 15 min and then tested them immediately and after storage for 28 days, with and without distilled H 2 O (dH 2 O). We evaluated the surface characteristics using surface profiling, contact angle analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and in terms of the surface zeta-potential. We determined the level of biological activity by analysing albumin adsorption, MC3T3-E1 and human mesenchymal cell adhesion and cytoskeleton development, as well as the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species between groups. The surface characteristics produced by the UV irradiation were maintained in dH 2 O for 28 days. We found that titanium stored in dH 2 O for 28 days after UV treatment exhibited enhanced protein adsorption, cell attachment, and cytoskeleton development. Titanium stored in dH 2 O for 28 days after UV irradiation exhibited a lower level of oxidative stress, comparable to that of the titanium immediately after UV treatment. UV treatment combined with wet storage can be used as a means of overcoming the biological aging of titanium.

An Integrated Overview of Ultraviolet Technology for Reversing Titanium Dental Implant Degradation: Mechanism of Reaction and Effectivity

“…Therefore, the amount of hydrocarbon adsorbed on TiO 2 from the time of manufacture to the time of implantation is crucial in determining the initial affinity level for osteoblasts. Choi et al [59] observed larger spindle-shaped MC3T3-E1 with extended actin filaments on the UV-treated surface of titanium stored in distilled water prior to their experiment. To date, the dental implant system with a SLActive ® surface (Institute Straumann AG, Basel, Switzerland) is the only implant system that is rinsed with nitrogen to prevent exposure to air and stored in a glass ampoule containing saline solution (0.9% sodium chloride) following manufacture.…”

Amorphous polyphosphate, a smart bioinspired nano-/bio-material for bone and cartilage regeneration: towards a new paradigm in tissue engineering

“…It has been determined that the zeta potential of a biphasic calcium composite material is approximately À20.4 mV 172 and of nonmodified titanium around À10 mV. 173 Usually it is accepted that the increase of the negativity of the zeta potential of an implant allows a more favorable integration of the material into the tissue (e.g. ref.…”

Permanent wettability of a novel, nanoengineered, clinically available, hyaluronan‐coated dental implant

“…Induced aspects involve the hierarchical structure of threads, screw pitch, concave grooves generated by sandblasting (in the range of 5 to about 70 μm), and pores of different shapes created by acid etching (in the range of several hundred nanometers up to 3 μm). This combination naturally leads to hydrocarbon adsorption (Att et al, ; Choi et al, , ) and a wetting behavior that, as explained in basic teaching of wettability science (Cassie & Baxter, , Dettre & Johnson Jr, , Wenzel, , ), is magnified by topographic details, leading to hydrophobic implant surfaces and large contact angle hysteresis on aging, as nicely described by Rupp et al (). Within these boundaries, prevention of hydrocarbon adsorption by wet storage (Baier & Meyer, ) or removal of adsorbed hydrocarbons by discharge techniques just before usage (Canullo et al, ; Choi et al, , ) stop or reverse the natural trend and provide high‐energy surfaces whose hydrophilicity is further enhanced by capillary wicking into grooves and pores.…”

“…In the case of titanium dental implants, the basic determinant of excess specific surface free energy, that is, the surface chemical composition, combines with the other properties that affect macroscopic wetting behavior and capillary rise, that is surface microtopography and thread size and shape (Rupp, Scheideler, Rehbein, Axmann, & Gels‐Gerstorfer, ), yielding increasingly hydrophobic surfaces as time from production goes bay. This behavior has been defined “biological aging” (Att et al, ; Choi et al, , ), with a view to its biological effects. Its cause, however, is plainly chemical–physical, as just discussed.…”

“…Its cause, however, is plainly chemical–physical, as just discussed. The hitherto most investigated chemical–physical approaches to exploit biological responses driven by hydrophilic implant surfaces involve preventing hydrocarbon adsorption by packaging in water (i.e., the already quoted SLActive approach) or getting rid of adsorbed hydrocarbons by UV light or glow discharge cleaning just before usage by side‐chair devices (Canullo et al, ; Choi et al, , ).…”