Overcoming Obstacles: Academic Achievement as a Response to Racism and Discrimination

Sanders, Mavis G.

doi:10.2307/2967253

Cited by 130 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Given that approach coping strategies have generally been related to greater feelings of self-efficacy and less distress (Moos, 2002), it may be that racial socialization messages consistent with those in the High Positive cluster may prepare youth to effectively cope with discrimination experiences in specific ways that lead to decreased stress and positive psychological adjustment. Qualitative work by Sanders (1997) and others (e.g., Lareau, 2003) has suggested that conversations between caretakers and adolescents about racial barriers-a component of the High and Moderate Positive Clusters-may contain not only discussion of the challenges youth face, but also ways to cope with these challenges. These conversations may, in turn, facilitate the development of advantageous coping strategies that buffer the negative effects of racial discrimination.…”

Section: Racial Socialization As a Resilience Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of Racial Socialization and Psychological Adjustment: Can Parental Communications About Race Reduce the Impact of Racial Discrimination?

Neblett

White

Ford

et al. 2008

J of Research on Adolesc

319

332

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This study uses two waves of data to examine the relations among racial discrimination experiences, patterns of racial socialization practices, and psychological adjustment in a sample of 361 African American adolescents. Using latent class analyses, we identified four patterns of child‐reported racial socialization experiences: Moderate Positive, High Positive, Low Frequency, and Moderate Negative. Experiencing racial discrimination was associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms, more perceived stress, and lower levels of well‐being. On average, adolescents who experienced High Positive patterns of racial socialization reported the most positive psychological adjustment outcomes, while adolescents in the Low Frequency and Moderate Negative clusters reported the least favorable outcomes. Results suggest that High Positive racial socialization buffers the negative effects of racial discrimination on adolescents' perceived stress and problem behaviors. Together, the findings suggest that various patterns of racial socialization practices serve as risk, compensatory, and protective factors in African American adolescent psychological adjustment.

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Section: Racial Socialization As a Resilience Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of Racial Socialization and Psychological Adjustment: Can Parental Communications About Race Reduce the Impact of Racial Discrimination?

Neblett

White

Ford

et al. 2008

J of Research on Adolesc

319

332

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Psychological distress, depression, and anger are natural responses of Black youth to racially hostile environments (Hawkins et al, 1998). Yet, prosocial outcomes such as academic achievement can also be a response to perceived racism (Bowman & Howard, 1985;Sanders, 1997), providing adequate racial identity and socialization supports are present. Racism is proposed as the primary motivation for parental socialization of proactive and protective pride and racial coping communication (Stevenson & Davis, 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Racial Socialization Experiences and Symptoms of Depression among Black Youth

Davis¹,

2006

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Ecological barriers like racism and discrimination can weigh heavily on the shifting emotions of adolescents. We investigated the relationship of racial socialization experiences to the depression symptoms of 160 Black adolescents, including lethargy, low self-esteem, cognitive difficulties, social introversion, irritability, guilt, pessimism, sad mood, instrumental helplessness, and overall depression. Cultural pride socialization was inversely related to adolescent reports of lethargy and low self-esteem while alertness to discrimination socialization was positively related to instrumental helplessness and gender differences were found. Multiple regression findings showed that racial socialization experiences add significantly more predictability of depression symptoms over and above gender, neighborhood risk and resources. Recommendations for the family, mental health professionals and for the development of culturally relevant social interventions are provided.

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“…Heather Dalmage (2000: 116) suggested it is best that families do 'not ignore race' but address 'race issues regularly'. Relatedly, Sanders (1997) found individuals with high levels of race consciousness were most likely to succeed in schooling. Under the conditions of the 'post-racial', these become increasingly important endeavours.…”

Section: Parents On Racism Experienced By Black Mixed-race Menmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black mixed-race men, perceptions of the family, and the cultivation of ‘post-racial’ resilience

Joseph-Salisbury

2017

Ethnicities

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Historically and contemporarily, popular discourses have pathologised Black mixed-race men as the embodiment of a 'clash of cultures'. In centring the voices of Black mixed-race men in the UK and the US, this article offers a refutation to these discourses.With a specific focus on secondary schooling, the article draws upon accounts from semistructured interviews in order to demonstrate how Black mixed-race men perceive their families to offer a source of strength and support. In order to understand how the family supports Black mixed-race men in overcoming the challenges posed by a hostile, 'post-racial' white supremacist environment, I develop a conceptualisation of 'post-racial' resilience. This article demonstrates how Black mixed-race men perceive their families to take on myriad and diverse approaches to schooling, identity formation, and experiences of racism. In so doing, the article seeks to add to the growing body of research that has debunked the aforementioned mythical racialised and racist view of the families of Black mixed-race men (Song 2015). As will be argued, Black mixed-race families are potential sites for the cultivation of creative and innovative strategies that aid the 'post-racial' resilience of Black mixed-race men.Despite the growth of Critical Mixed Race Studies (CMRS), the literature on mixed-race populations remains relatively underdeveloped (Daniel et al., 2014). Of the research that has been carried out, with few exceptions (Author A, 2016; Author A and co-author, 2016), research specifically focusing on Black mixed-race men is a notable absence. This is perhaps unsurprising given that the 'Mixed Race Movement' that arose in the 1990s has been critiqued for being primarily concerned with mixed-race women (Christian, 2000;McNeil, 2010;Small, 2001) Similarly, despite research highlighting how families develop strategies to deal with racism (Ward, 1996), research exploring the role that families can play in the lives of their mixedrace children is relatively limited. Much of the early scholarship is now outdated, social-work orientated, and/or based upon clinical samples (Banks, 1995;Boushel, 1996;Maximé, 1993;Owusu-Bempah, J. 1994). While most contemporary CMRS research has focused on Black/white mixedness (perhaps neglecting other mixed-race groups), it has mostly focused on either individuals or their parents with few studies drawing the two experiences together.A notable exception is Bauer's (2010) ethnographic study of mixed race families in London.With that study focusing on the period between 1953 and 2003, the current study -situated in a post-racial context -might be seen to build upon that work. In the context of the current

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Overcoming Obstacles: Academic Achievement as a Response to Racism and Discrimination

Cited by 130 publications

References 13 publications

Patterns of Racial Socialization and Psychological Adjustment: Can Parental Communications About Race Reduce the Impact of Racial Discrimination?

Patterns of Racial Socialization and Psychological Adjustment: Can Parental Communications About Race Reduce the Impact of Racial Discrimination?

Racial Socialization Experiences and Symptoms of Depression among Black Youth

Black mixed-race men, perceptions of the family, and the cultivation of ‘post-racial’ resilience

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