Overcoming leakage in scalable quantum error correction

Miao, Kevin C.; McEwen, Matt; Atalaya, Juan; Kafri, Dvir; Pryadko, Leonid P.; Bengtsson, Andreas; Opremcak, Alex; Satzinger, Kevin J.; Chen, Zijun; Klimov, Paul V.; Quintana, Chris; Acharya, Rajeev; Anderson, K. R.; Ansmann, M.; Arute, Frank; Arya, Kunal; Asfaw, Abraham; Bardin, Joseph C.; Bourassa, Alexandre; Bovaird, Jenna; Brill, Leon; Buckley, Bob B.; Buell, David A.; Burger, Tim; Burkett, Brian; Bushnell, Nicholas; Campero, Juan; Chiaro, B.; Collins, Roberto; Conner, Paul; Crook, Alexander L.; Curtin, Ben; Debroy, Dripto M.; Demura, Sean; Dunsworth, A.; Erickson, Catherine; Fatemi, Reza; Ferreira, Vinicius S.; Burgos, Leslie Flores; Forati, Ebrahim; Fowler, Austin G.; Foxen, Brooks; Garcı́a, Gonzalo; Giang, W.; Gidney, Craig; Giustina, Marissa; Gosula, Raja; Dau, Alejandro Grajales; Gross, Jonathan A.; Hamilton, Michael C.; Harrington, Sean D.; Heu, Paula; Hilton, Jeremy; Hoffmann, Markus R.; Hong, Sabrina; Huang, Trent; Huff, Ashley; Iveland, Justin; Jeffrey, E.; Zhang, Jiang; Jones, Cody; Kelly, J.; Kim, Seon; Kostritsa, Fedor; Kreikebaum, John Mark; Landhuis, David; Laptev, Pavel; Laws, Lily; Lee, Kenneth; Lester, Brian; Lill, Alexander T.; Liu, Wayne; Locharla, Aditya; Lucero, Erik; Martin, Steven W.; Megrant, A.; Xiao, Mei; Montazeri, Shirin; Morvan, Alexis; Naaman, Ofer; Neeley, M.; Neill, Charles; Nersisyan, Ani; Newman, Michael; Ng, Jiun How; Nguyen, Anthony; Nguyen, Murray; Potter, Rebecca; Rocque, Charles; Roushan, P.; Sankaragomathi, Kannan; Schuster, Christopher; Shearn, Michael; Shorter, Aaron; Shutty, Noah; Shvarts, Vladimir; Skruzny, Jindra; Smith, W. C.; Sterling, George; Szalay, Marco; Thor, Douglas; Torres, Alfredo G.; White, Theodore C.; Woo, Bryan W. K.; Yao, Z. Jamie; Yeh, P.; Yoo, Juhwan; Young, Grayson; Zalcman, Adam; Zhu, Ningfeng; Zobrist, Nicholas; Neven, Hartmut; Smelyanskiy, Vadim; Petukhov, A.; Korotkov, Alexander N.; Sank, D.; Chen, Yu

doi:10.48550/arxiv.2211.04728

Cited by 5 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…Using leakage reduction, we lower the leakage steady-state population by up to one order of magnitude. Additionally, we find that removing leakage on other transmons leads to lower overall leakage, suggesting that leakage is transferred between transmons [15,34]. This is particularly noticeable in A, where the steady-state leakage is reduced by adding LRUs only on D 1 and D 2 [green and red data in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Without leakage reduction, the error detection probability rises ∼ 8% by 50 rounds. We attribute this feature to leakage build-up [17,22,34]. With the LRUs, the rise stabilizes faster (by ∼ 10 rounds) and is limited to 2%, despite the longer cycle duration (500 versus 720 ns without and with the LRU, respectively).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…S7). Compared to other LRU approaches [17,34], we believe this scheme is especially practical as it is all-microwave and very quantum-hardware efficient, requiring only the microwave drive line and dispersively coupled resonator that are commonly already found in the majority of circuit QED quantum processors [19,20,22]. Extending this leakage reduction method to larger QEC experi-ments can be done without further penalty in time as all LRUs can be simultaneously applied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

All-microwave leakage reduction units for quantum error correction with superconducting transmon qubits

Marques¹,

Ali²,

M.³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Minimizing leakage from computational states is a challenge when using many-level systems like superconducting quantum circuits as qubits. We realize and extend the quantum-hardware-efficient, all-microwave leakage reduction unit (LRU) for transmons in a circuit QED architecture proposed by Battistel et al. This LRU effectively reduces leakage in the second-and third-excited transmon states with up to 99% efficacy in 220 ns, with minimum impact on the qubit subspace. As a first application in the context of quantum error correction, we demonstrate the ability of multiple simultaneous LRUs to reduce the error detection rate and to suppress leakage buildup within 1% in data and ancilla qubits over 50 cycles of a weight-2 parity measurement.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

All-microwave leakage reduction units for quantum error correction with superconducting transmon qubits

Marques¹,

Ali²,

M.³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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show abstract

“…Removing leakage from data qubits presents a more difficult challenge. Data qubit leakage can be removed directly by the use of gate operations that specifically affect the leakage state without disturbing the computational states [Mia+22], but such additional operations introduce new error sources to the error budget.…”

Section: Leakage Mitigation In Qec Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relaxing Hardware Requirements for Surface Code Circuits using Time-dynamics

McEwen¹,

Bacon²,

Gidney³

2023

Preprint

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The typical time-independent view of quantum error correction (QEC) codes hides significant freedom in the decomposition into circuits that are executable on hardware. Using the concept of detecting regions, we design time-dynamic QEC circuits directly instead of designing static QEC codes to decompose into circuits. In particular, we improve on the standard circuit constructions for the surface code, presenting new circuits that can embed on a hexagonal grid instead of a square grid, that can use ISWAP gates instead of CNOT or CZ gates, that can exchange qubit data and measure roles, and that move logical patches around the physical qubit grid while executing. All these constructions use no additional entangling gate layers and display essentially the same logical performance, having teraquop footprints within 25% of the standard surface code circuit. We expect these circuits to be of great interest to quantum hardware engineers, because they achieve essentially the same logical performance as standard surface code circuits while relaxing demands on hardware.

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“…3, there are correlated errors in the device which mostly cluster locally, although some significant longer-range correlations are present. While the experiment is only designed to identify and characterize errors rather than identify their cause, it is possible that the long range twobody correlations noted in the figure and the multi-qubit errors identified by the experiment are symptoms of the leakage errors in such Sycamore devices, as more fully explained in [59].…”

Section: Experimental Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%