Overcoming cytoplasmic incompatibility in Drosophila

Karr, Timothy L.; Yang, William W.; Feder, Martin E.

doi:10.1098/rspb.1998.0307

Cited by 49 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…With subsequent matings, the rate of CI goes down dramatically in D. simulans (Karr et al, 1998). In N. vitripennis, there is no evidence of either a male age effect, or male mating history effect on CI (Figure 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Wolbachia modification of sperm does not always require residence within developing sperm

et al. 2008

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Wolbachia are maternally inherited intracellular bacteria known to manipulate the reproduction of their arthropod hosts. Wolbachia commonly affect the sperm of infected arthropods. Wolbachia-modified sperm cannot successfully fertilize unless the female is infected with the same Wolbachia type. A study of spermatogenesis in the parasitic wasp Nasonia vitripennis reveals that Wolbachia are not required in individual spermatocytes or spermatids to modify sperm. In N. vitripennis, Wolbachia modify nearly all sperm, but are found only in B28% of developing sperm, and are also found in surrounding cyst and sheath cells. In the beetle Chelymorpha alternans, Wolbachia can modify up to 90% of sperm, but were never observed within the developing sperm or within the surrounding cyst cells; they were abundant within the outer testis sheath. We conclude that the residence within a developing sperm is not a prerequisite for Wolbachia-induced sperm modification, suggesting that Wolbachia modification of sperm may occur across multiple tissue membranes or act upstream of spermiogenesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In Drosophila, rates of CI have been shown to be dependent on a number of factors, including male age and male mating history (Turelli and Hoffmann, 1995; Clancy and Hoffmann, 1998;Karr et al, 1998;Reynolds et al, 2003). With subsequent matings, the rate of CI goes down dramatically in D. simulans (Karr et al, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wolbachia modification of sperm does not always require residence within developing sperm

et al. 2008

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“…In contrast, other studies have left males and females together during the egg collection period. Repeated copulation is a factor that is known to reduce CI in D. simulans (Karr et al 1998). If males remained with females for several days, CI expression could be diminished by both repeated copulation and subsequent matings with older males.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, infected males exposed to nutritional stress have a decreased ability to induce CI (Sinkins et al 1995;Clancy and Hoffmann 1998). Similarly, males that have multiply mated also show reduced expression of CI (Karr et al 1998) as do old males (Hoffmann et al 1990;Turelli and Hoffmann 1995). The influence of these factors on expression of CI in D. melanogaster is unclear.…”

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confidence: 99%

Male Development Time Influences the Strength of Wolbachia-Induced Cytoplasmic Incompatibility Expression inDrosophila melanogaster

et al. 2007

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Cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) is the most widespread reproductive modification induced in insects by the maternally inherited intracellular bacteria, Wolbachia. Expression of CI in Drosophila melanogaster is quite variable. Published papers typically show that CI expression is weak and often varies between different Drosophila lines and different labs reporting the results. The basis for this variability is not well understood but is often considered to be due to unspecified host genotype interactions with Wolbachia. Here, we show that male development time can greatly influence CI expression in D. melanogaster. In a given family, males that develop fastest express very strong CI. The ''younger brothers'' of these males (males that take longer to undergo larval development) quickly lose their ability to express the CI phenotype as a function of development time. This effect is independent of male age effects and is enhanced when flies are reared under crowded conditions. No correlation is seen between this effect and Wolbachia densities in testes, suggesting that a more subtle interaction between host and symbiont is responsible. The observed younger brother effect may explain much of the reported variability in CI expression in this species. When male development time is controlled, it is possible to obtain consistently high levels of CI expression, which will benefit future studies that wish to use D. melanogaster as a model host to unravel CI mechanisms.

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“…It is more pronounced in D. simulans where wRi induces a more severe CI, with more than 95 per cent of crosses between uninfected females and infected males failing to hatch compared with less than 30 per cent in similar crosses in D. melanogaster. There is evidence that the level of CI declines with both male age and male mating frequency [83]. It is therefore possible that the higher level of mating by infected male Drosophila may be a strategy to regain reproductive compatibility with all the females in the population [82].…”

Section: Impact Of Selfish Genetic Elements On Reproductive Behavioursmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dynamic relationship between polyandry and selfish genetic elements

Wedell

2013

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Selfish genetic elements (SGEs) are ubiquitous in eukaryotes and bacteria, and make up a large part of the genome. They frequently target sperm to increase their transmission success, but these manipulations are often associated with reduced male fertility. Low fertility of SGE-carrying males is suggested to promote polyandry as a female strategy to bias paternity against male carriers. Support for this hypothesis is found in several taxa, where SGE-carrying males have reduced sperm competitive ability. In contrast, when SGEs give rise to reproductive incompatibilities between SGE-carrying males and females, polyandry is not necessarily favoured, irrespective of the detrimental impact on male fertility. This is due to the frequency-dependent nature of these incompatibilities, because they will decrease in the population as the frequency of SGEs increases. However, reduced fertility of SGE-carrying males can prevent the successful population invasion of SGEs. In addition, SGEs can directly influence male and female mating behaviour, mating rates and reproductive traits (e.g. female reproductive tract length and male sperm). This reveals a potent and dynamic interaction between SGEs and polyandry highlighting the potential to generate sexual selection and conflict, but also indicates that polyandry can promote harmony within the genome by undermining the spread of SGEs.

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Overcoming cytoplasmic incompatibility in Drosophila

Cited by 49 publications

References 33 publications

Wolbachia modification of sperm does not always require residence within developing sperm

Wolbachia modification of sperm does not always require residence within developing sperm

Male Development Time Influences the Strength of Wolbachia-Induced Cytoplasmic Incompatibility Expression inDrosophila melanogaster

The dynamic relationship between polyandry and selfish genetic elements

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