Overcoming Addictions, a Web-Based Application, and SMART Recovery, an Online and In-Person Mutual Help Group for Problem Drinkers, Part 1: Three-Month Outcomes of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Hester, Reid K.; Lenberg, Kathryn L.; Campbell, William; Delaney, Harold D.

doi:10.2196/jmir.2565

Cited by 65 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In a subsequent study conducted entirely over the internet, Campbell, Hester and colleagues compared a cognitive-behavioral online program with components of MI called Overcoming Addictions in combination with an online and in-person mutual help group for problem drinkers called SMART Recovery (SR) (OA+SR) to SMART Recovery alone (Campbell, Hester, Lenberg, & Delaney, 2016; Hester, Lenberg, Campbell, & Delaney, 2013) in 189 heavy drinkers (AUDIT mean 24.7). Three and six-month follow-up indicated significant reductions in drinking outcomes, but no significant differences between conditions (PDA at 3 months follow up was 73.3 for OA+SR compared with 71.2 for SR only).…”

Section: The Promise Of Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive behavioral interventions for alcohol and drug use disorders: Through the stage model and back again.

Carroll¹,

Kiluk²

2017

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

151

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Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) approaches have among the highest level of empirical support for the treatment of drug and alcohol use disorders. As Psychology of Addictive Behaviors marks its 30th anniversary, we review the evolution of CBT for the addictions through the lens of the Stage Model of Behavioral Therapies Development. The large evidence base from Stage II randomized clinical trials indicates a modest effect size with evidence of relatively durable effects, but limited diffusion in clinical practice, as is the case for most empirically validated approaches for mental health and addictive disorders. Technology may provide a means for CBT interventions to circumvent the ‘implementation cliff’ in Stages 3–5 by offering a flexible, low-cost, standardized means of disseminating CBT in a range of novel settings and populations. Moreover, returning to Stage 1 to reconnect clinical applications of CBT to recent developments in cognitive science and neuroscience holds great promise for accelerating understanding of mechanisms of action. It is critical that CBT not be considered as a static intervention, but rather one that constantly evolves and is refined through the Stage model until the field achieves a maximally powerful intervention that addresses core features of the addictions.

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Section: The Promise Of Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive behavioral interventions for alcohol and drug use disorders: Through the stage model and back again.

Carroll¹,

Kiluk²

2017

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

151

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Results indicated that individuals in SMART Recovery demonstrated more of an internal locus of control and less dependence on a higher power when it came to regulating drinking (or drug)-related behaviors compared with 12-step members. Hester, Lenberg, Campbell, and Delaney (2013) found that individuals who attended SMART Recovery meetings, and Overcoming Addictions (a web application based on the SMART Recovery program), demonstrated an increase in percentage of days abstinent, reduction in substance related issues, and a reduction in drinks per drinking day. Penn and Brooks (2000) mentioned no statistically significant differences in outcome for 12-step and SMART Recovery participants on the Addiction Severity Index Scale (ASI), alcohol, drug, psychiatric, legal, and employment composites, though statistical data were not reported.…”

Section: Smart Recovery: Principles Philosophy and Mechanisms For Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

SMART Recovery

O’Sullivan

Blum

Watts

et al. 2014

Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin

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Peer support groups are the most utilized form of treatment for individuals recovering from substance abuse and substance dependence. This study examined an understudied peer support program (Self-Management and Recovery Training [SMART] Recovery), which is distinct from traditional 12-step models. Although treatment planning for substance use disorders is not the primary focus of vocational rehabilitation (VR), persons with disabilities are at increased risk for these disorders. Due to the bio-psycho-social nature of substance use disorders, VR counselors must consider ethical treatment recommendations for clients who demonstrate need for supplemental treatment. This descriptive-survey study investigated two samples of member and facilitator characteristics, motivations, and recovery goals among the SMART Recovery community. Implications for VR counselors making best practice recommendations for clients with substance use disorders are discussed.

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“…However, both were very small (with N’s=20 and 70), and conclusions are strictly limited by the fact that these studies tested not involvement in mutual help alternatives per se , but rather interventions informed by their theoretical principles. Finally, one longitudinal randomized trial testing the efficacy of a web-based intervention drawing on SMART principles (i.e., Overcoming Addictions) has, as a part of the analysis, examined associations between SMART in-person attendance and alcohol outcomes over time (Hester, Lenberg, Campbell, & Delaney, 2013). Participants for this study were randomized to SMART in-person meetings only (SMART Only), Overcoming Addictions Only, or SMART Plus Overcoming Addictions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of 12-step groups to mutual help alternatives for AUD in a large, national study: Differences in membership characteristics and group participation, cohesion, and satisfaction

Zemore

Kaskutas

Mericle

et al. 2017

Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment

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Background Many studies suggest that participation in 12-step groups contributes to better recovery outcomes, but people often object to such groups and most do not sustain regular involvement. Yet, research on alternatives to 12-step groups is very sparse. The present study aimed to extend the knowledge base on mutual help group alternatives for those with an alcohol use disorder (AUD), sampling from large, active, abstinence-focused groups including Women for Sobriety (WFS), LifeRing, and SMART Recovery (SMART). This paper presents a cross-sectional analysis of this longitudinal study, using baseline data to describe the profile and participation characteristics of attendees of these groups in comparison to 12-step members. Methods Data from participants 18 and over with a lifetime AUD (N=651) were collected using web-based surveys. Members of alternative 12-step groups were recruited in collaboration with group directors, who helped publicize the study by emailing meeting conveners and attendees and posting announcements on social media. A comparison group of current (past-30-day) 12-step attendees was recruited from an online meeting hub for recovering persons. Interested parties were directed to a webpage where they were screened, and eligible participants completed an online survey assessing demographic and clinical variables; in-person and online mutual help involvement; and group satisfaction and cohesion. Analyses involved comparing those identifying WFS, SMART, and LifeRing as their primary group to 12-step members on the above characteristics. Results Compared to 12-step members, members of the mutual help alternatives were less religious and generally higher on education and income. WFS and LifeRing members were also older, more likely to be married, and lower on lifetime drug and psychiatric severity; meanwhile, LifeRing and SMART members were less likely to endorse the most stringent abstinence goal. Finally, despite lower levels of in-person meeting attendance, members of all the 12-step alternatives showed equivalent activity involvement and higher levels of satisfaction and cohesion, compared to 12-step members. Conclusions Results suggest differences across 12-step groups and their alternatives that may be relevant when advising clients on a choice of mutual help group. Meanwhile, findings for high levels of participation, satisfaction, and cohesion among members of the mutual help alternatives suggest promise for these groups in addressing addiction problems.

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Overcoming Addictions, a Web-Based Application, and SMART Recovery, an Online and In-Person Mutual Help Group for Problem Drinkers, Part 1: Three-Month Outcomes of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Cited by 65 publications

References 28 publications

Cognitive behavioral interventions for alcohol and drug use disorders: Through the stage model and back again.

Cognitive behavioral interventions for alcohol and drug use disorders: Through the stage model and back again.

SMART Recovery

Comparison of 12-step groups to mutual help alternatives for AUD in a large, national study: Differences in membership characteristics and group participation, cohesion, and satisfaction

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