Overall survival of adult acute myeloid leukemia based on cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities during 5 years in a single center study

Abstract

Objectives: To determined the 5-year overall survival (OS) rates for adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, based on cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities. Methods: A retrospective cohort study reviewing adult AML patient files between 2011 and 2018. Sixty-three patients were excluded due to pediatric age and secondary AML. The remaining 87 adult patients with de novo AML were enrolled in this study. Results: The most frequent cytogenetic abnormalities were t(15;17) (17.2%), followed by complex cytogenetic (13.8%) and t(8;21) (5.7%). The most frequent molecular abnormalities were promyelocytic leukemia/retinoic acid receptor alpha (PML-RARA) (16.1%) and Nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) (11.5%). The highest OS rate was associated with t(15;17), PML-RARA, and NPM. However, complex cytogenetic was associated with the lowest OS rate; fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3)-internal tandem duplication was independently correlated with low OS rate. Conclusion: The study describes cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities observed in adult AML patients and gives an overview of prognostic factors and determine the OS, with comparable results with recent published data by the WHO.

The Role of CXCR1, CXCR2, CXCR3, CXCR5, and CXCR6 Ligands in Molecular Cancer Processes and Clinical Aspects of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

“…CXCR3 ligands in the bone marrow can inhibit the proliferation of hematopoietic progenitor cells [ 82 ], leading to disrupted hematopoiesis observed in AML patients [ 83 , 84 ]. Similar properties have been demonstrated for CCL3 [ 85 ].…”

Tumour‑derived exosomes and their emerging roles in leukaemia (Review)

“…If left untreated, these conditions may lead to bone marrow failure and eventual death, and only a few patients are cured, even with the best treatments such as intensive chemotherapy or haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation ( 1 ). With the improvement of treatment technology, especially the progress of HSC transplantation in recent years, the remission rate of patients with leukaemia has been improved, but the majority of patients still experience relapse after remission according to the World Health Organization (WHO) ( 2 ).…”