Overall dry deposition velocities of trace elements measured at harbor and traffic site in central Taiwan

Fang, Guor‐Cheng; Wu, Yuh-Shen; Chang, Shih-Yu; Lin, Jum-Bo; Lin, Jhih-Guang

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.10.068

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The trace metals known to be mostly in the coarse fraction such as Al, Fe, Ti, La, and Ce are sampled by the PAS-DD at rates much higher than those of the PUF-PAS, whereas trace metals associated with anthropogenic sources such as Ba and Mo and typically on fine particles were sampled at lower rates with both the PUF-PAS and the PAS-DD (Table S6). The effect of particle size on the sampling rate of trace metals by the PUF-PAS and PAS-DD and how this relates to the dry deposition of trace metals from air have been identified as areas for future study. , Due to the differences in sampling rates (when expressed as cubic meters per day) for different trace metals, it may be desirable in spatial and temporal studies of trace metals in air to report results as nanograms per gram of PUF or nanograms per sampler and then normalized to some unit of time, e.g., nanograms per sampler per day.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyurethane Foam (PUF) Disk Samplers for Measuring Trace Metals in Ambient Air

Gaga

Harner

Da̧bek-Złotorzyńska

et al. 2019

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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A new method is presented for measuring atmospheric concentrations of trace metals in airborne particulate matter using polyurethane foam (PUF) disk passive air samplers (PUF-PASs) and passive dry deposition air samplers (PAS-DDs), which until now have mainly been used to assess organic pollutants in air. A field calibration study was conducted at one of the sites where measurements of trace metals were available using conventional methods. Uptake profiles of PUF-PASs and PAS-DDs were linear over the full 56 days that the samplers were deployed. The results confirm the ability of both passive sampler types to provide time-integrated measurements of airborne trace metals. For the PUF-PAS, the derived sampling rates (R) were generally in the range of default values derived for organic pollutants (i.e., 4 ± 2 m3/day). For the PAS-DD, the collection of the larger depositing particles resulted in elevated effective sampling rates, which were up to ∼4 times higher than for the PUF-PAS. Sampling rates for the PAS-DD were more variable compared to those for the PUF-PAS, probably due to the variability of the association of various trace metals with larger particles. Results from the PAS-DD were also converted to effective dry deposition fluxes and were as high as 6700 μg m–2 day–1 for iron. This study provides a proof concept and methodology for the application of PUF disk-based samplers as a versatile and cost-effective tool for studying trace metals, in addition to organics, in ambient air. The method was used to assess concentrations of 25 trace metals in ambient using PUF-PASs deployed across six urban sites in the greater Toronto area, impacted by different emission sources to air. The highest trace metal concentrations were measured at sites impacted by traffic.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyurethane Foam (PUF) Disk Samplers for Measuring Trace Metals in Ambient Air

Gaga

Harner

Da̧bek-Złotorzyńska

et al. 2019

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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“…In the determination of dry deposition flux, the current study adopted the dry deposition velocities of elements from various literature including GESAMP, (1989); Fang et al (2007a) and Injuk et al (1998) as cited in Table 1, and elemental concentrations measured in this study. For the elements K, Ca, S, V, Cr, As, Se and Sr, the averages of summer and winter dry deposition velocities reported by Injuk et al, 1998 were adopted; those of Al, Mn, Fe, Zn and Pb were adopted from GESAMP, (1989) whilst that of Mg was adopted from Fang et al, 2007b. Deposition velocities of the elements were converted from their original units of cm s −1 to m day −1 , and finally, dry deposition flux estimated and reported in μg m −2 day −1 .…”

Section: Dry Deposition Fluxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of dry deposition flux and dust intrusion phenomena on elemental concentrations of air particulate matter

Dawood

Akortia²,

Alsufyani³

et al. 2023

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Depositions of trace elements of air particulates in the atmosphere have gained much attention in recent times due to their environmental, climatic and health impacts. In the current study, trace elements of size-segregated rural and urban particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM2.5−10) were characterized using particle-induced X-ray emission method. Effects of dry deposition flux and Saharan dust intrusion on the elemental concentrations were determined. The mean elemental concentration in the rural fine PM ranged between 0.0002 ± 0.0002 μg m−3 (for Se) and 0.6658 ± 0.5816 μg m−3 (for S) whereas in the urban fine PM the concentration ranged between 0.0007 ± 0.0008 μg m−3 (for As) and 0.5869 ± 0.3429 μg m−3 (for Ca). In the coarse PM fraction, concentration ranged between 0.0001 ± 0.0001 μg m−3 (for Se) and 0.5886 ± 0.5343 μg m−3 (for Ca) at the rural site; and between 0.0002 ± 0.0002 μg m−3 (for Se) and 1.9201 ± 1.911 μg m−3 (for Ca) at the urban site. Mainly crustal elements (Al, Ca, Fe) and ‘pollution’ source element (S) recorded high and significant dry deposition fluxes across the two sites in both PM modes. Deposition flux was relatively higher in the coarse than in the fine PM mode. The average dry deposition flux estimated for fine and coarse PM at the rural and urban sites were 33.68 ± 57.19 μg m−2 day−1 and 47.71 ± 92.19 μg m−2 day−1; 36.66 ± 61.95 μg m−2 day−1 and 107.02 ± 237.71 μg m−2 day−1, respectively. Mainly crustal (Al, Ca, Fe) and “pollution” (S) element recorded high and significant dry deposition fluxes across the two sites and in the two PM modes. The impacts of dust on climate, air quality, and the environment in general have increased the need to better understand the dust flow system. In the current study, dust intruding the study area from the Sahara was analyzed using the NMMB/BSC dust model. The model’s output indicated that, the highest daily surface dust concentration was observed in the central and south-west of Turkey which corresponded with the peak period of Saharan dust transport to the Eastern Mediterranean in the month of March.

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“…There have been many studies undertaken over the past decade to estimate the dry deposition (Injuk et al, 1998;Jiries et al, 2002;Fang et al, 2004;Sakata et al, 2006;Herut 2001). Recently, measurement on dry deposition fluxes of elements and their velocities studies were also reported at Brazil, Taiwan and Tokyo (Fang et al, 2007;Pedro et al, 2007;Sakata et al, 2008). In India, status of airborne toxic elements at different land used pattern locations in major urban cities has been reported (Tripathi et al, 1993;Gajghate and Hasan, 1999;Gajghate and Bhanarkar 2005a, b;Gajghate et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%