Over-the-counter access to emergency contraception for teens

Harper, Cynthia C.; Weiss, Deborah C.; Speidel, J. Joseph; Raine‐Bennett, Tina

doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2007.12.004

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The first LNG EC pill was initially approved in 1999 as a two-dose prescription-only product and, despite the overwhelming evidence of the safety of the drug for women of all ages (Harper, Weiss, Speidel, & Raine-Bennett, 2008), it remained prescription-only until 2006. In 2006, LNG EC was approved for non-prescription sale to women and men aged 18 years or older, and three years later the age limit for non-prescription sale was lowered to 17 years (Wynn, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Access to Emergency Contraception in the Over-the-Counter Era

Cleland

Bass

Doci

et al. 2016

Women's Health Issues

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Introduction After years of complex regulatory changes, levonorgestrel emergency contraception (LNG EC) is now approved for unrestricted sale in the US. Timely access to EC pills is critical because they are more likely to work the sooner they are taken. This study assesses whether LNG EC is sold in accordance with current Food and Drug Administration regulations. Methods We distributed an online questionnaire through an EC-focused listserv for reproductive health professionals, asking data collectors to visit local stores and document product names, price, over-the-counter (OTC) shelf availability, and misinformation about age restrictions. We used Chi-square analysis to assess bivariate associations and t-tests and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests to determine differences in means. Results We collected information about 220 stores. The majority (65%) stocked EC on OTC shelves, although only 22% of these displayed it without a locked security enclosure. Chain pharmacies were more likely to shelf-stock EC than independent pharmacies (77% vs 5%; p=0.000), but variation existed among stores within the same chain. Among stores that were asked, 40% incorrectly reported an age restriction for non-prescription purchase of LNG EC, while 95% correctly reported that men can buy LNG EC. The average price of branded and generic LNG EC was $49.64 and $40.05, respectively. Conclusion Changes in the regulatory status of LNG EC have resulted in widespread confusion about how EC can be sold, and its high price contributes to access barriers. Retailers should ensure that consumers can access LNG EC quickly and easily by stocking the product on OTC shelves and educating staff about current regulations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Access to Emergency Contraception in the Over-the-Counter Era

Cleland

Bass

Doci

et al. 2016

Women's Health Issues

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“…60,62 In Europe, switching appropriate medicines for the treatment of minor illnesses to OTC could realise an annual saving of € 16 billion. 63 In allergic rhinitis, 64 migraine, 65 emergency contraception 66 and weight control, 67 marked cost savings are achievable.…”

Section: Pharmaco-economic Benefits Of Otc Therapiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current management and recommendations for access to antiviral therapy of herpes labialis

Cunningham

Griffiths

Leone

et al. 2012

Journal of Clinical Virology

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Herpes labialis is a common skin infective condition, worldwide, which is primarily caused by HSV-1. Recurrent episodes of herpes labialis, also known as cold sores, can be frequent, painful, long-lasting and disfiguring for infected patients. At present, there are two types of antivirals for the treatment of herpes labialis, topical and oral, which are available over the counter or as prescription-only. The aim of antiviral therapy is to block viral replication to enable shortening the duration of symptoms and to accelerate healing of the lesions associated with herpes labialis. This review examines the evidence for the effectiveness of current topical and oral antivirals in the management of recurrent episodes of herpes labialis. In most countries, oral antivirals for herpes labialis are available as prescription-only. However, in early 2010, the oral antiviral famciclovir was reclassified from prescription-only medicine to pharmacist-controlled status in New Zealand. The benefits and risks associated with moving an antiviral therapy for herpes labialis from prescription-only to pharmacist-controlled status are reviewed here, and the implications for patients, general physicians and pharmacists are considered.

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“…The most popular contraceptive method for teenagers remained the condom, yet only 28% of girls reported using condoms every time they had sexual intercourse. For some authors, 28,29 the lack of information given to teenagers regarding contraception is highlighted as a key factor in understanding these findings.…”

Section: Description Of Contraceptive Behavioursmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar challenges have been described in other regions. In the USA, at first sexual intercourse, many sexually active teenagers did not use contraception at all (26% of young women aged 15-19 years did not use any method of contraception 28,29 ) or used less effective methods. The most popular contraceptive method for teenagers remained the condom, yet only 28% of girls reported using condoms every time they had sexual intercourse.…”

Section: Description Of Contraceptive Behavioursmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…28,29 In Europe, life-time ECP use ranged from 10% in England to 28% in Sweden 9,11,30-33 among sexually active girls aged 14-20 years. Higher rates of ECP use in France can be partly explained by a national health policy: the introduction in 1999 of ECP availability without prescription and free for those under 18 years resulted in a 72% increase in use.…”

Section: Description Of Contraceptive Behavioursmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of emergency contraceptive pill by 15‐year‐old girls: results from the international Health Behaviour in School‐aged Children (HBSC) study

Gaudineau¹,

Ehlinger²,

Gabhainn³

et al. 2010

BJOG

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Objective To describe emergency contraceptive pill (ECP) use and variation across countries/regions; and to explore personal and contextual factors associated with ECP use and differences across countries/regions.Design Data were obtained from 11 countries/regions in the 2006 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children cross-sectional study.Setting Data were collected by self-report questionnaire in school classrooms.Population The analysis is based on 2118 sexually active 15-yearold girls.Methods Contraceptive behaviours were compared across countries/regions by chi-square tests. Individual factors related to ECP use were investigated with separate logistic regression models. Multilevel random-intercept models allowed the investigation of individual and contextual effects, by partitioning the variance into student, school and country/region levels. Conclusions These data document the large heterogeneity in rates of ECP use between countries/regions. These differences could not be explained by individual or contextual factors, and raise further questions in relation to ECP access for adolescents and their education in its appropriate use.

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Over-the-counter access to emergency contraception for teens

Cited by 15 publications

References 28 publications

Access to Emergency Contraception in the Over-the-Counter Era

Access to Emergency Contraception in the Over-the-Counter Era

Current management and recommendations for access to antiviral therapy of herpes labialis

Use of emergency contraceptive pill by 15‐year‐old girls: results from the international Health Behaviour in School‐aged Children (HBSC) study

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