Over-the-Air Radiated Testing of Millimeter-Wave Beam-Steerable Devices in a Cost-Effective Measurement Setup

Fan, Wei; Kyösti, Pekka; Rumney, Moray; Chen, Xiaoming; Pedersen, Gert Frølund

doi:10.1109/mcom.2018.1701006

Cited by 75 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The DUTs targeted in the paper are non-adaptive high-order LTE terminals and LTE-V systems, where the number of receive antennas is typically limited in the spatial transmission mode. It is noted that for end-to-end performance testing of large-scale adaptive antenna systems, the simplesectored MPAC (SS-MPAC) setup is actively discussed in the literature [30]- [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wireless Cable Method for High-Order MIMO Terminals Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

Fan

Zhang

Kyösti

et al. 2018

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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Conducted cable setups have been dominantly utilized in the industry for performance testing of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) terminals. The wireless cable method, which can achieve cable connection functionality without actual radio frequency (RF) cable connections, is a promising alternative. To date, the wireless method has been only discussed for 2 × 2 MIMO terminals in the literature. However, the algorithm is not directly applicable for high-order MIMO terminals, due to the high computation complexity to determine the calibration matrix and high system cost to implement the calibration matrix. In this paper, an efficient particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is proposed to determine the calibration matrix for high order MIMO systems. Furthermore, a novel implementation of the calibration matrix in the radio channel emulator (CE) is proposed, which can significantly reduce the system cost. To validate the proposed algorithm, two MIMO mockups, each equipped with four antennas, were measured in an anechoic chamber. The measured results demonstrated the effectiveness of the PSO algorithm to establish wireless cable connections for 4 × 4 MIMO terminals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wireless Cable Method for High-Order MIMO Terminals Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

Fan

Zhang

Kyösti

et al. 2018

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

Self Cite

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“…Secondly, for the sub-6 GHz OTA testing system, the spatial correlation is used to estimate the reconstruction of the channel directly. However, the mmWave massive MIMO systems are more directive and the channel is highly sparse and specular; therefore, spatial correlation function might be less relevant to determine OTA system performance [6]. Finally, the mmWave massive MIMO antennas have the beamforming capability, which should be studied when testing the performance of the DUT.…”

Section: Implementation Process Of the Cascaded Mpac Ota Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, the mmWave massive MIMO antennas have the beamforming capability, which should be studied when testing the performance of the DUT. erefore, the selected evaluation metrics need to emphasize the performance of the beam, e.g., beam acquisition, tracking, refinement, and recovery [6]. Based on the above description, angular spectrum is selected as the test metric in the sequel.…”

Section: Implementation Process Of the Cascaded Mpac Ota Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to test the beam acquisition and beam tracking of mmWave massive MIMO equipment, a dynamic channel environment needs to be reproduced [6]. e reasons are as follows.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the existing OTA testing systems, it is assumed that the switch configuration is completely free and can be switched at every considered moment without any distortion [6]. However, the dynamic environment has strict performance requirements for mechanical relay switches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

OTA Testing for Massive MIMO Devices Using Cascaded APM Networks and Channel Emulators

Xin

Sun

et al. 2019

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

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This paper proposes an over-the-air (OTA) testing setup for millimeter-wave (mmWave) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) equipment using cascaded amplitude and phase modulation (APM) network and channel emulator. Compared with the existing test setup with mechanical switch, the proposed testing setup enables more accurate reconstruction of the radio channel environment under the multiprobe anechoic chamber (MPAC) setup without increasing the number of channel emulators (CEs) to control the system cost. The constructed MPAC testing setup for mmWave and massive MIMO equipment is composed of an anechoic chamber, a sectored probe wall containing a number of probes, an APM network, a fading channel emulator, and a user emulator (UE). In this paper, the structural model and the performance advantages of the proposed radiated testing setup are described, and a fully connected APM network for radiated testing is more prominent than the existing switch. Moreover, the angular spectrum is selected as the performance metric for the reconstructed channel. The ability of the proposed system to reconstruct the power angular spectrum (PAS) of the target channel is studied under both static and dynamic channel models, which can reflect the performance of beamforming procedures of the massive MIMO antenna arrays, e.g., beam acquisition, tracking, and refinement. The simulation results for angular spectrum support the superiority of the proposed OTA testing setup. Furthermore, the simulations for average channel capacity also show that radiated testing setup using cascaded APM network and channel emulator is valid.

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Millimeter‐Wave RF Designs

Wang

2019

Wiley 5G Ref

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In this article, the topic of millimeter wave radio frequency (RF) designs is introduced for the fifth‐generation communication system. State‐of‐the‐art studies in both academia and industry are reviewed, from four perspectives of architecture, radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) design, package, and measurement. The base station and user equipment architectures are illustrated in details, and the RFIC design, especially for the phased array, is emphasized with several important components, such as power amplifier and on‐chip antenna. Then, antenna‐in‐package technology is illustrated. Later, the over‐the‐air measurement is discussed to resolve the measurement issues. Finally, the current and future challenges in research and practice are pointed out.

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Over-the-Air Radiated Testing of Millimeter-Wave Beam-Steerable Devices in a Cost-Effective Measurement Setup

Cited by 75 publications

References 10 publications

Wireless Cable Method for High-Order MIMO Terminals Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

Wireless Cable Method for High-Order MIMO Terminals Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

OTA Testing for Massive MIMO Devices Using Cascaded APM Networks and Channel Emulators

Millimeter‐Wave RF Designs

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