Over-10-Gb/s IC's for future lightwave communications

Design for Stability of High-Speed Integrated Photoreceivers: A Tutorial

“…Over the past decade, single-ended TIA implementations for optical transmission systems and operating at bit rates in excess of 10 Gb/s have been reported [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Although this is relatively the simplest way to design photoreceivers, a single-ended configuration is inherent to common mode noise leading to higher error rates on bits, especially with weak signals.…”

“…Furthermore, to reduce high frequency parasitic influences at the interface with the package, several improvements were clarified such as wideband matching and LC resonance damping. Two years later in 1994, Haruhiko Ichino et al [8] form the same team have proposed a review on research and development in NTT laboratories on integrated circuits faster than 10-Gb/s for the next generation of optical communication systems. Key design issues such as optimization procedures and novel circuit procedures were discussed.…”

“…Although circuit performance at 10-Gb/s and higher has already been demonstrated for more than a decade [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18], high-speed design techniques are still investigated to improve system's performance. In fact in 1990, Hans-Martin Rein [5] has provided a good review of circuit architectures suitable for high-speed communication systems.…”

“…More recently in 2002, Hammad, Freundorfer and Antar [14] have proposed a comprehensive study of multi-bands unconditional stabilization of Common-Source (CS) and Common-Gate (CG) MESFET transistors using feedback. From references [7,8,10,14,15,[21][22][23], the most important design considerations in a high-speed photoreceiver are stability, high sensitivity, power gain, bandwidth, noise and DC requirements. Amplifier stability is likely one of the most critical issues in the design of such type of amplifiers.…”

“…Although an important design effort is being carried out around the data rate of 10-Gb/s and higher [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], new design techniques are still in great demand to accurately address high-speed circuit design and stability. Actually, the majority of gigabit TIA designs have so far focused on the design-tradeoffs of the TIA such as transimpedance gain, bandwidth, noise, dynamic range, power dissipation, etc.…”