Ovariectomy, social status, and atherosclerosis in cynomolgus monkeys.

Adams, Michael R.; Kaplan, Jay R.; Clarkson, Thomas B.; Koritnik, Donald R.

doi:10.1161/01.atv.5.2.192

Cited by 151 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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confidence: 89%

“…The following chemicals: [17a-methyl-3 H3]R1881 (methyltrlenolone, specific activity 87 Ci/mmol), [1,2,4,5,6,7,16, H8]5a-dihydrotestosterone (5a-DHT, specific activity 208 Ci/mmol), [11 B-methoxy-3 H3]R2858 (moxestrol, specific activity 79.2 Ci/mmol), [2,4,6,7,16,17-3 H 6 (A/)]estradiol (specific activity 134 Ci/mmol), [ 14 C(U)]uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG, specific activity 343 mCi/mmol), and radioinert R1881 and R2858 were obtained from New England Nuclear Corporation, Boston, Massachusetts. These compounds were used as provided by the manufacturer.…”

Section: Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 In addition, the extent of coronary atherosclerosis in diet-Induced hypercholesterolemic, intact female cynomolgus macaques with ovarian dysfunction was similar to that of diet-induced hypercholesterolemic ovariectomized females. 6 These studies suggest a role for estrogen in CHD.There is a sex difference in selected enzyme activities involved in rabbit and rodent aortic glycosaminoglycan 7 " 9 and cholesterol 10 metabolism. A sex difference was also observed in the contractile response of isolated rabbit 11 and rat aortas 12 or canine coronary arteries 13 to prostaglandin analogues.…”

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Gender and baboon aortic steroid hormone receptors.

Lin¹,

González²,

Carey³

et al. 1987

Arteriosclerosis

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To examine the potential of steroid hormones to serve as putative regulators of aortic cell function, we defined hormone receptor content and distribution In intact baboons. Total androgen receptor content In baboon aortic arch, thoracic arch, and abdominal aorta of young mature males was Indistinguishable from that of proestrus females. However, 30% to 40% of male aortic androgen receptors were In the nuclear fraction, whereas all aortic androgen receptors of proestrus females were In the cytoplasmlc fraction. Cytoplasmlc fraction estrogen receptor content of aortic arch and thoracic aorta of Intact males was indistinguishable from that of proestrus females. However, cytoplasmlc fraction estrogen receptor content of abdominal aorta of proestrus females was significantly greater than that of males. Nuclear fraction estrogen receptors were not detectable In either male or proestrus female baboon aortas. To assess effects of endogenous estrogen on aortic progesterone receptor content, we quantified cytoplasmlc fraction progesterone receptors and found that content of proestrus female aortic arch was not significantly different from that of males. However, cytoplasmlc fraction progesterone receptor content of thoracic and abdominal aorta of proestrus females was significantly higher than that of males. To determine whether differences In aortic receptor content or distribution were associated with changes In aortic cell function, we quantified the activity of two enzymes of glycosamlnoglycan metabolism. Aortic B-glucuronldase activity was not different In male or proestrus female baboons. Urldlne dlphosphate glucose (UDPG) dehydrogenase activity of aortic arch and thoracic aorta of proestrus female baboons was not different from that of males; however, UDPG dehydrogenase activity of abdominal aorta of proestrus females was greater than that of males. Our studies establish endogenous androgen regulation of Intracellular distribution of baboon aortic androgen receptors and imply that these receptors are physiologically functional. The higher cytoplasmlc fraction progesterone receptor content of female thoracic and abdominal aorta, as compared to that of males, suggests aortic estrogen receptors also are physiologically functional. These findings establish that baboon aortic steroid hormone receptor content and distribution Is sexually dimorphic, as Is the case for rodents. However, the essential Identity of B-glucuronldase or UDPG dehydrogenase activity In male and female baboon aortas Indicates that baboon aortic glycosamlnoglycan metabolism Is not sexually dimorphic. The fact that aspects of aortic steroid hormone receptor homeostasls and steroid hormone regulation of aortic UDPG dehydrogenase and B-glucuronldase activity significantly differ In baboons and rodents Implies complex effects of steroid hormones which may be speciesspecific. (Arteriosclerosis 7:248-255, May/June 1987) I t is well established that men have a higher incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) than age-matched females; however, the underlyi...

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confidence: 89%

Section: Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 95%

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Gender and baboon aortic steroid hormone receptors.

Lin¹,

González²,

Carey³

et al. 1987

Arteriosclerosis

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“…Progesterone concentrations greater than 4 ng/mL indicate that ovulation has occurred, whereas progesterone concentrations less than 2 ng/mL indicate an anovulatory cycle. 13 The highest progesterone concentration that occurred during the luteal phase (the 2 weeks preceding menses) was chosen from each menstrual cycle. Peak progesterone concentrations were averaged for the last year of the experiment (mean peak progesterone).…”

Section: Menstrual Cycle Determinationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of coronary artery reactivity in premenopausal female cynomolgus monkeys with diet-induced atherosclerosis.

1994

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Background The purpose of this study was to identify determinants of coronary artery reactivity among premenopausal female monkeys. Estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal females modulates reactivity of atherosclerotic coronary arteries. However, no studies have evaluated the factors that modulate coronary artery reactivity among premenopausal females.Methods and Results Twenty-five adult premenopausal female monkeys were fed an atherogenic diet for 32 months. During this time, monkeys were housed in small social groups and determined to be socially dominant (associated with normal ovarian function) or subordinate (associated with impaired ovarian function). After 32 months, coronary artery vasomotor responses to intracoronary acetylcholine, nitroglycerin, and serotonin were assessed by computer-assisted quantitative coronary angiography. Coronary arteries of dominant monkeys dilated (+9±2%), whereas those of subordinate

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“…Cessation of ovarian function in women, whether natural (1) or following oophorectomy (2), is associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). A decrease in production of the female sex hormone, oestrogen, may be the cause of this increased CHD risk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

17 beta-Oestradiol inhibits stimulated endothelin release in human vascular endothelial cells

Wingrove

Stevenson

1997

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Oestrogen is believed to possess cardiovascular protective properties. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent vasoconstrictor and mitogen for vascular smooth muscle cells. We have investigated release of ET-1 from human endothelial cells in response to 17b-oestradiol. Serum was found to stimulate significantly ET-1 release during the first 4 h of culture. 17b-Oestradiol significantly reduced ET-1 immunoreactivity in the media of treated cells by up to 49% of control values after 4 h. This effect was found to be inversely related to the dose of 17b-oestradiol. Significant dose-dependent increases in nitric oxide synthase expression were observed in response to oestrogen after 24 h but not after 4 h. Serum-free experiments demonstrated that low doses of oestrogen were able to inhibit thrombin-induced ET-1 release whilst supraphysiological levels did not. These results provide a further perspective on the ability of oestrogens to maintain vascular health.

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Ovariectomy, social status, and atherosclerosis in cynomolgus monkeys.

Cited by 151 publications

References 55 publications

Gender and baboon aortic steroid hormone receptors.

Gender and baboon aortic steroid hormone receptors.

Determinants of coronary artery reactivity in premenopausal female cynomolgus monkeys with diet-induced atherosclerosis.

17 beta-Oestradiol inhibits stimulated endothelin release in human vascular endothelial cells

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