Ovariectomy predisposes female rats to fine particulate matter exposure’s effects by altering metabolic, oxidative, pro-inflammatory, and heat-shock protein levels

Goettems-Fiorin, Pauline Brendler; Costa-Beber, Lílian Corrêa; Santos, Jaíne Borges Dos; Friske, Paula Taís; Sulzbacher, Lucas Machado; Frizzo, Matias Nunes; Ludwig, Mirna Stela; Rhoden, Cláudia Ramos; Heck, Thiago Gomes

doi:10.1007/s11356-019-05383-9

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Extensive studies have been conducted on the role of estrogen in various metabolisms, immunity, and inflammatory processes in rodents and humans [78]. Thanks to more sensitive and accurate proteomic techniques, a number of proteins and pathways in visceral fat were found in OVX rodent models [79].…”

Section: Alterations In Fatty Acid Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Metabolism Changes and Dysregulated Lipid Metabolism in Postmenopausal Women

Jung

2021

Nutrients

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Aging women experience hormonal changes, such as decreased estrogen and increased circulating androgen, due to natural or surgical menopause. These hormonal changes make postmenopausal women vulnerable to body composition changes, muscle loss, and abdominal obesity; with a sedentary lifestyle, these changes affect overall energy expenditure and basal metabolic rate. In addition, fat redistribution due to hormonal changes leads to changes in body shape. In particular, increased bone marrow-derived adipocytes due to estrogen loss contribute to increased visceral fat in postmenopausal women. Enhanced visceral fat lipolysis by adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase triggers the production of excessive free fatty acids, causing insulin resistance and metabolic diseases. Because genes involved in β-oxidation are downregulated by estradiol loss, excess free fatty acids produced by lipolysis of visceral fat cannot be used appropriately as an energy source through β-oxidation. Moreover, aged women show increased adipogenesis due to upregulated expression of genes related to fat accumulation. As a result, the catabolism of ATP production associated with β-oxidation decreases, and metabolism associated with lipid synthesis increases. This review describes the changes in energy metabolism and lipid metabolic abnormalities that are the background of weight gain in postmenopausal women.

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Section: Alterations In Fatty Acid Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Metabolism Changes and Dysregulated Lipid Metabolism in Postmenopausal Women

Jung

2021

Nutrients

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“…The cessation of ovarian hormones production in menopause is often followed by increased body weight gain and adiposity, associated with obesity-related co-morbidities (11,28). In both humans and rodents, a role of estrogens in metabolic, immune, and inflammatory processes has been established, although the complexity by which these effects occur is not fully understood (20,45). The lack of estrogens after menopause has been associated with a shift of fat distribution from subcutaneous to visceral, with impairment of the sensitivity to insulin and leptin, predisposition to diabetes and to anxiety and depressive disorders (5,14,23).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ovariectomy modifies lipid metabolism of retroperitoneal white fat in rats: a proteomic approach

Boldarine

Pedroso

Brandão‐Teles

et al. 2020

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Menopause is often accompanied by visceral obesity. With the aim of exploring the consequences of ovarian failure on visceral fat, we evaluated the effects of ovariectomy and estrogen replacement on the proteome/phosphoproteome and on the fatty acids profile of the retroperitoneal adipose depot (RAT) of rats. Eighteen three months old female Wistar rats were either ovariectomized or sham-operated and fed with standard chow for three months. A sub-group of ovariectomized rats received estradiol replacement. RAT samples were analyzed using data-independent acquisitions LC-MS/MS and pathway analysis was performed with the differentially expressed/phosphorylated proteins. RAT lipid profile was analyzed by gas chromatography. Ovariectomy induced high adiposity and insulin resistance and promoted alterations in protein expression and phosphorylation. Pathway analysis showed that 5 pathways were significantly affected by ovariectomy, namely metabolism of lipids (included fatty acid metabolism and mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation), fatty acyl-CoA biosynthesis, innate immune system (included neutrophil degranulation), metabolism of vitamins and cofactors, and integration of energy metabolism (included ChREBP activates metabolic gene expression). Lipid profile analysis showed increased palmitic and palmitoleic acids content. The analysis of the data indicated that ovariectomy favored lipogenesis while it impaired fatty acids oxidation, and induced a pro-inflammatory state in the visceral adipose tissue. These effects are consistent with the findings of high adiposity, hyperleptinemia, and impaired insulin sensitivity. The observed alterations were partially attenuated by estradiol replacement. The data point to a role of disrupted lipid metabolism in adipose tissue in the genesis of obesity after menopause.

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“…Estrogen reduction promoted by ovariectomy results in greater weight gain and adiposity, changes in the lipid profile [ 57 ], and uterine atrophy [ 58 ]. The administration of 17β-estradiol benzoate (EB) to ovariectomized (ovx) animals was associated with a reduction in the amount of ingested food and less body weight gain [ 59 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial Effects of Flaxseed and/or Mulberry Extracts Supplementation in Ovariectomized Wistar Rats

et al. 2022

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Low endogenous estrogen action causes several injuries. Medicinal plants, such as flaxseed and mulberry, contain substances that have been shown to be effective to the organism. The aim was to verify the effects of flaxseed and/or mulberry extracts on ovariectomized Wistar rats. The animals received supplements of extracts and estrogen or saline by gavage for 60 days and were weighed weekly. Vaginal wash, blood, pituitary, uterus, liver, and kidneys were collected. Phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity of the extracts, lipid profile, uric acid, liver enzymes, and pituitary weight were measured. Histomorphometric for uterine wall and histopathological analyses for liver and kidney were performed. Flaxseed and mulberry extracts showed great antioxidant activity and large amounts of phenolic compounds. The treatment with extracts had less weight gain, increased pituitary weight, the predominance of vaginal epithelial cells, and reduced TC, LDL-c and lipase activity, similar to estrogen animals. Estrogen or flaxseed + mulberry animals reduced VLDL-c and TAG. HDL-c, uric acid, and liver enzymes did not differ. Estrogen or extracts demonstrated trophic action on the endometrial thickness and have not shown hepatotoxicity or nephrotoxicity. We suggested the beneficial effects of flaxseed and mulberry extract as an alternative to reduce and/or prevent the negative effects caused by low estrogenic action.

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Ovariectomy predisposes female rats to fine particulate matter exposure’s effects by altering metabolic, oxidative, pro-inflammatory, and heat-shock protein levels

Cited by 17 publications

References 62 publications

Energy Metabolism Changes and Dysregulated Lipid Metabolism in Postmenopausal Women

Energy Metabolism Changes and Dysregulated Lipid Metabolism in Postmenopausal Women

Ovariectomy modifies lipid metabolism of retroperitoneal white fat in rats: a proteomic approach

Beneficial Effects of Flaxseed and/or Mulberry Extracts Supplementation in Ovariectomized Wistar Rats

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